How to Analyze a Free Falling Body Problem

One of the most common sorts of problems that a beginning physics student will encounter is to analyze the motion of a free-falling body. Its helpful to look at the various ways these sorts of problems can be approached. The following problem was presented on our long-gone Physics Forum by a person with the somewhat unsettling pseudonym c4iscool: A 10kg block being held at rest above the ground is released. The block begins to fall under only the effect of gravity. At the instant that the block is 2.0 meters above the ground, the speed of the block is 2.5 meters per second. At what height was the block released? Begin by defining your variables: y0 - initial height, unknown (what were trying to solve for)v0 0 (initial velocity is 0 since we know it begins at rest)y 2.0 m/sv 2.5 m/s (velocity at 2.0 meters above ground)m 10 kgg 9.8 m/s2 (acceleration due to gravity) Looking at the variables, we see a couple of things that we could do. We can use conservation of energy or we could apply one-dimensional kinematics. Method One: Conservation of Energy This motion exhibits conservation of energy, so you can approach the problem that way. To do this, well have to be familiar with three other variables: U mgy (gravitational potential energy)K 0.5mv2 (kinetic energy)E K U (total classical energy) We can then apply this information to get the total energy when the block is released and the total energy at the 2.0-meter above-the-ground point. Since the initial velocity is 0, there is no kinetic energy there, as the equation shows E 0 K 0 U 0 0 mgy 0 mgy 0E K U 0.5mv2 mgyby setting them equal to each other, we get:mgy0 0.5mv2 mgyand by isolating y0 (i.e. dividing everything by mg) we get:y0 0.5v2 / g y Notice that the equation we get for y0 doesnt include mass at all. It doesnt matter if the block of wood weighs 10 kg or 1,000,000 kg, we will get the same answer to this problem. Now we take the last equation and just plug our values in for the variables to get the solution: y0 0.5 * (2.5 m/s)2 / (9.8 m/s2) 2.0 m 2.3 m This is an approximate solution since we are only using two significant figures in this problem. Method Two: One-Dimensional Kinematics Looking over the variables we know and the kinematics equation for a one-dimensional situation, one thing to notice is that we have no knowledge of the time involved in the drop. So we have to have an equation without time. Fortunately, we have one (although Ill replace the x with y since were dealing with vertical motion and a with g since our acceleration is gravity): v 2 v 0 2 2 g( x - x 0) First, we know that v0 0. Second, we have to keep in mind our coordinate system (unlike the energy example). In this case, up is positive, so g is in the negative direction. v2 2g(y - y0)v2 / 2g y - y0y0 -0.5 v2 / g y Notice that this is exactly the same equation that we ended up within the conservation of energy method. It looks different because one term is negative, but since g is now negative, those negatives will cancel and yield the exact same answer: 2.3 m. Bonus Method: Deductive Reasoning This wont give you the solution, but it will allow you to get a rough estimate of what to expect. More importantly, it allows you to answer the fundamental question that you should ask yourself when you get done with a physics problem: Does my solution make sense? The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2. This means that after falling for 1 second, an object will be moving at 9.8 m/s. In the above problem, the object is moving at only 2.5 m/s after having been dropped from rest. Therefore, when it reaches 2.0 m in height, we know that it hasnt fallen very fall at all. Our solution for the drop height, 2.3 m, shows exactly this; it had fallen only 0.3 m. The calculated solution does make sense in this case.

Reading Report on Disturbing Behaviors - 1135 Words

Reading Report on Disturbing Behavior Presented to Professor P. Gillen For YOUT 301-D01 LUO By Dana Peebles L25945367 July 11, 2015 Introduction Throughout the years, disturbing behavior amongst teenagers and young adolescents has become increasingly intense. Despite the fact that many of these youth are looking for ways to express themselves and cope with the aspects of everyday life, they still strive for godly influences and role models within their lives. As Christians, and people of faith, it is our job to not only pray with these individuals, but to also guide them towards the Scriptures and give them examples as well as options when it comes to dealing with the consequences of these disturbing†¦show more content†¦Knowing that the teens of the world today are God’s children, we must look at their behaviors and coping mechanisms and offer them the same assurance of Christ that the Bible has revealed to us. Throughout this book, its authors give biblical reproof by quoting Scripture and offering words of comfort that adults can then use as a tool when talking with teens about depression, sex, drugs, id entity, abuse, crime, entertainment, and much more. Personal Response When I say â€Å"much more,† I realize that there were only 17 out of the 53 behaviors that I didn’t personally identify with. That means, that 36 of these disturbing behaviors I have done myself. While I could tell you some stories, I am more excited about the fact that God wants to take me and use me personally to witness to the youth of today. By using my own story to connect with them, I can share my experience in some of the tough areas that they may face so they don’t have to feel like they are all alone. Growing up, I was a survivor of sexual abuse. Because of this, I became â€Å"numb physically and emotionally.† [1]. As a result, I â€Å"turned to drugs, alcohol, self-mutilation, binging and purging, promiscuity, lying, stealing, and even attempts at suicide.† [2]. My desire to â€Å"isolate and draw away from those of the opposite sex,† led me to be one of the many statistics of the â€Å"juvenile delinquent populationShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics Essay728 Words   |  3 Pagesand deeply about ethical issues in business and to arrive at conclusions that are supported by strongest possible arguments. Ethical principles are the rules of conduct that derive from ethical values. For example, honesty is a value that governs behavior in the form of principles such as: tell the truth, dont deceive, and dont cheat. In a business the ultimate goal is to achieve maximum profits. There are factors affecting at different levels of the business such as finance, technology, laborRead MoreViolent Video Games and the Effects on the Youth800 Words   |  4 Pagesand teenagers are video games, but what many people don’t know is that they are bad for them. Violent video games in particular have been proven to not be appropriate for the age groups that play them and to have a negative effect on school, social behavior, and increase aggression. Kids who play violent video games are influenced to ignore the consequences of violence. Anne Harding from CNN says that â€Å"when your exposed to violence day in and day out, it loses its emotional impact on you† (web). ThisRead MoreAttentention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD and What Can be Done About It967 Words   |  4 Pagestreatments. Non medicine treatments are divided into Biological and Psychosocial interventions. The objective of biological approach is to minimise childrens abrupt behavior, and enhancing their attentional skills. (Barlow Durand, 2012). The psychosocial approach is to improve children performance in school, minimizing crude behavior and their social relationship. Behavioral programme was introduced to assist both parents and children with ADHD. The purpose of the programme was to boast the attentionRead More Alcohol and the Family Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesmaking excuses and lying to hide the true actons of the alcoholic to seemingly protect her but actually he is simply allowing the destructive behavior to continue. In some cases the non-alcoholic parent may be harder for the kids to get along with than the alcoholic. He will probably feel worried and nervous because of his spouses embarrassing behavior and this may accidentally be transferred to the children. He will get upset over minor issues. The enabler may compromise his values, tell liesRead More The Role of Trust in Internet Privacy Essay examples1115 Words   |  5 Pagescompanies, but also the fact that she spent a lot of time one Saturday night last month reading about how to fertilize roses. More disturbing scenarios along the same lines could be imagined. However, although concern about privacy and security has long been the biggest issue with online shoppers#61630;particularly with the sanctity of their identification-related information#61630;a majority do not mind their behavior being watched if it allows their shopping experience to be customized. According toRead MoreThe Current Study Methods Of Speaking And Interacting With A Child1122 Words   |  5 Pagesneeds. By altering responses to a child’s behavior the goal was to decrease the severity of emotional impact on the child. Participant was a youth, age 10, who completed a self-report survey every week for five weeks. His behavior due to extreme mood changes was significantly affecting the other members of the household. Research in the area is abundant. Children with ADHD often cause those around them to have negative feelings due to unwanted behaviors. It is common for children with disordersRead MoreEssay On Boys DonT Cry1412 Words   |  6 Pagestrailer and it is relived that Brandon is not a boy but actually a girl. The argument between her and her cousin reveal Brandon no longer believes that he is a boy, and that even his mother used to â€Å"lock her up† presumably because of her transgender behavior. Brandon’s cousin kicks him out of his house for causing trouble, and we see old pictures of Brandon when he was a girl. It cuts to Brandon in a bar trying to drink away his troubles. He starts flirting with a girl at the bar, Candace buying herRead MoreEssay on Effective Approaches to Prevent Teen Pregnancy1181 Words   |  5 Pages Effective approaches to prevent teen pregnancy After reading numerous articles and abstracts in regards to the ever so intriguing topic of teen pregnancy, I’ve come to a conclusion which is a little different than I had expected. Before reading any of the literature on teen pregnancy, I was under the assumption that the sex education classes provided in school were an extremely effective weapon against unwanted teenage pregnancies. Of the literature references that I’ve used and those of whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Never Just Pictures By Susan Bordo902 Words   |  4 PagesFrom an extremely young age, American children are being taught that women in movies and on the covers of magazines possess the ideal figure. The author states â€Å"Children are being taught†¦being fat is the worst thing one can be† (Bordo 1). This is disturbing to say the least. There many attributes worse than being overweight: dishonest, cruel, and murderous to name a few. Bordo also uses an example in the first paragr aph of her essay that is appalling. Alicia Silverstone, the lead role in Clueless,Read MoreEssay on Windshield Survey1110 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity in the past and modified in the future† (p. 397). For me this means these people generally have the same of similar beliefs and values. Community health is described as â€Å"the meeting of collective needs by identifying problems and managing behaviors within the community itself and between the community and larger society† (p. 401). My understanding of community as the client is the care given has the potential to affect the whole community not just one family. Nurses can provide education

Teaching as a profession has changed drastically Free Essays

This is besides a timely issue in southern Florida since one of its school territory ‘s gained national attending late because parents used a societal computing machine web forum to develop the group TINT ( Testing is Not Teaching ) . This grassroots organisation was started by parents who felt that their kids were being overly tested in the public school system. The parents were joined by instructors and pupils and used the societal web to form protests and mass meetings. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching as a profession has changed drastically or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two of the groups purposes were to hold the CAO ( Chief Academic Officer ) removed from his place, along with the Superintendent who hired him. The group felt that the CAO was passing out a â€Å" written plan † , particularly in reading, that all instructors were mandated to follow. This plan was designed to increase trial tonss on the FCAT ( Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test ) , given to all pupils in classs 3 through 10. In the terminal both the CAO and Superintendent resigned and TINT is now closely watching local and national developments in instruction. In this epoch of high bets proving, territories, schools and instructors depend on the success of their pupils ‘ success on standardised trials. These trials are correlated with national and province criterions and are farther broken down by benchmarks. These benchmarks provide the guidelines for the content instructors cover during the school twelvemonth. Research has shown that effectual instructors participate in the planning and implementing of the course of study but the authorizations from the Federal, province, and local authoritiess take the ownership of learning off and replace it with a course of study that is out of their control. This instance survey will look at the effects of the high-stakes testing motion on single instructors and analyze the functions and duties these instructors believe they have in fixing their pupils for the high-stakes testing. This instance survey was designed to analyze the relationship between the execution of increased high bets proving and teacher efficaciousness and to reply the inquiry do teacher believe they have a function or any duty in determining instructional schemes in fixing their pupils for taking high bets trials? The focal point was on analyzing what educational patterns are working to increase instructor efficaciousness with province mandated standardised testing and looking at schools which have implemented successful plans to help instructors. Three instructors will be interviewed to determine their position in determining instructional schemes within their school that prepare their pupils for the province mandated trials. This qualitative research designed instance survey will interview three instructors in public schools in a territory in South Florida. The interview inquiries will be predetermined and the topics will hold the chance to read these inquiries before being interviewed. There will be four inquiries for each one to reply. These inquiries will be developed by the interviewer and concentrate on the instructor ‘s function sing high bets proving and if it has changed their instruction patterns. They will besides be asked what function they have in their peculiar school in determining instructional schemes for their pupils to win on these trials. The interviewer will both transcribe and tape all the interviews and after the written text is complete it will be given to the instructors for their reappraisal. History of testing: The construct of aptitude testing was introduced during World War II as a method of happening the best and most intelligent soldiers for the United States military, ( Schmidt 2008 ) . In the old ages after the war these trials became incorporated into the American society as a manner to happen persons with superior scholarly capablenesss. The SAT was adapted from Yerkes ‘ trials for the military and was used by colleges and universities as one factor in finding admittances to their installations. By the 1960 ‘s SAT scores began to worsen, raising political and public concerns about the quality of the state ‘s educational system. Before this diminution, many Americans held a positive position of public instruction in the United States. American instruction was thought to both work out society ‘s jobs and besides endeavor to include pupils from diverse backgrounds, ( West A ; Peterson, 2003, p. 4, as cited in Schmidt, 2008 ) . After publication of the diminutio n in trial tonss, many Americans became concerned with the province of the American educational system. The standardised testing motion is the consequence of the a series of jurisprudence ‘ passed by the state ‘s Presidents, climaxing in 2001 with the transition of No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) , by so president George W. Bush. The authorizations of NCLB have proved to be controversial although basic end was â€Å" aˆÂ ¦to create an inducement for pedagogues to guarantee that no one pupil, or group of pupils, is left behind in their reading, linguistic communication, and mathematics abilities † . NCLB had legion demands that provinces and school territories had to follow in order to have federal support. The foundation of the NCLB jurisprudence is that provinces must make AYP ( Annual Yearly Progress ) each twelvemonth. The jurisprudence specified that every province â€Å" aˆÂ ¦must develop, and incorporate into their course of study, a standards-based answerability plan that demonstrates student proficiency degrees in the nucleus capable countries of rea ding, linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, and mathematics † ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . These proficiency degrees are measured by standardised trials given to all pupils one time a twelvemonth and these trials had to be approved by the Department of Education prior to being given ( Abernathy, 2007, p.5 ; Sunderman et. al. , 2005, p. 5 ) . By carry oning one-year testing, territories can closely supervise the advancement, or deficiency thereof, of pupils. No Child Left Behind was the latest reproduction of President Lyndon Johnson ‘s reform of educational reorganisation known as the ESEA ( Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ) . Both steps stressed the thought that public instruction â€Å" aˆÂ ¦requires a federal presence to guarantee academic advancement and academic equality for all pupils † . Schmidt ( 2008 ) Since the ESEA was passed at that place have been alterations made to its base, with the latest being No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) The federal authorities has played an of import function in altering public instruction in the United States, the motive for these alterations in public schools were motivated because of concerns for America ‘s worsening trial tonss. The two chief drifts for alteration were worsening trial tonss on the Scholastic Aptitude Test ( SAT ) and the publication of A State At Risk by Terrance Bell. Three of import causes were named in the passing of the ESEA statute law. The first was the worsening public presentation of pupils on the SAT test. The second was studies conducted during this clip that repeatedly placed the United States in the lowest percentile of overall academic accomplishment when compared with foreign educational systems, ( West A ; Peterson, 2003, pp. 4-5 ; Nichols A ; Berliner, 2007, p. 4 ) . The 3rd factor was the relentless accomplishment spread that separated minorities and low-income pupils ‘ tonss from kids who came from a more affluent background. ( Nichols A ; Berliner, 2007 ; p.4. A ; Kantor, 1991, p. 51 ) . A State at Risk was published 18 old ages after the transition of the ESEA and was written by so Secretary of Education, Terrence Bell â€Å" Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Education Reform in America ( West A ; Peterson, 2003 p. 5 ; Berry, 1993, p. 215 ) . This study focused on the United States ‘ low academic accomplishment in malice of the federal authorities ‘s focal point on bettering pupil public presentation in public schools when the ESEA was passed. The study stated that, â€Å" aˆÂ ¦the educational foundations of our society are soon being eroded by a lifting tide of averageness that threatens our really future as a State and a people † ( Bell, 1983 ) . Furthermore, the United States achieved a low academic rank when compared to other states and the authors of the study believed that America ‘s educational system was in demand of a drastic reform. The publication radius of a series of reforms that the writers believed would â€Å" aˆÂ ¦reverse the downward spiral of an unequal educational system, ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . The reforms included parental and community engagement at local schools, engaging instructors with advanced grades who were more motivated to learn, and a higher degree of engagement from all degrees of authorities. Although this publication did non excite any alterations on the federal degree, it still remained an of import factor in American public instruction. In 1994, so President Clinton passed a reauthorization of the ESEA called Goals 2000. This federal reform plan was ambitious in nature since it provided pecuniary inducements for public schools that implemented annually proving to demo student advancement towards proficiency, ( West A ; Peterson, 2003, p.7 ) . This plan provided Title 1 schools with â€Å" aˆÂ ¦federal support â€Å" for developing ‘local reformsaˆÂ ¦the developmen t of standardsaˆÂ ¦enhanced professional development, bettering in engineering, and alterations in administration for answerability † † with the end of increasing pupil public presentation in the aˆÂ ¦ † nucleus capable countries such as, reading and mathematics ( Fuhrman, 1994, p. 84 ) . Goals 2000 laid the basis for NCLB. It was during this clip that the term â€Å" answerability † became of import since it was used as an inducement for provinces to get federal financess. This thought was added to NCLB, but President Busch extended the significance by doing the relationship stronger between the federal, province, and local bureaus. Although the answerability measures set Forth by NCLB have proved to be controversial, its basic end of the Act was â€Å" aˆÂ ¦to create an inducement for pedagogues to guarantee that no one pupil, or group of pupils, is left behind in their reading, linguistic communication, and mathematics abilities † . NCLB had legion demands that provinces and school territories had to follow in order to have federal support. The foundation of the NCLB jurisprudence is that provinces must make AYP ( Annual Yearly Progress ) each twelvemonth. The jurisprudence specified that every province â€Å" aˆÂ ¦must develop, and incorporate into their course of study, a standards-based answerability plan that demonstrates student proficiency degrees in the nucleus capable countries of reading, linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, and mathematics † ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . These proficiency degrees are measured by standardised trials given to all pupils one time a twelvemonth and these trials had to be approved by the Department of Education prior to being given ( Abernathy, 2007, p.5 ; Sunderman et. al. , 2005, p. 5 ) . By carry oning one-year testing, territories can closely supervise the advancement, or deficiency thereof, of pupils. The standards-based instruction reform and answerability motion started in the mid-1980s and raised outlooks of public presentation for U.S. schools ( Buttram A ; Waters, 1997 ) . The province of Florida took the enterprise to better K-12 instruction and so Governor Jeb Bush instituted the A+ Plan in 1999. This program was created as a standards-based answerability system, concentrating on bettering the public presentation of all pupils, irrespective of their ethnicity, gender, poorness degrees, native linguistic communication or disablement position. The chief premiss of the A+ Plan was that â€Å" every kid can larn and no kid should be left behind † ( Executive Office of the Governor, nd. ) . A brief reappraisal of the literature found a clear division between research workers who found that standardised trials are good vs. those who believe these trials are damaging to education as a whole. Many writers began their Hagiographas by depicting the necessity of standardised testing in today ‘s schools. Bandalos ( 06 ) explained the demand for standardised testing within educational scenes today since these high-stakes trials are the method in which pupil acquisition is assessed and continuously evaluated by instructors, principals, and school territories. Bandalos besides stated that acquisition is the end in all of instruction and the function of appraisal is to assist professionals understand the degree of larning pupils have achieved. Hammeran ( 10 ) besides felt that it was possible to â€Å" learn to the trial † while still covering the of import course of study for a category. This writer studied learning a scientific discipline plan that was aligned to the National Science Education Standards ( NSES ) . She wrote that since the province criterions reflect the national criterions, and standardised trials reflect both the province and national criterions, so concentrating on learning to the trial would guarantee that pupils were having the of import content in scientific discipline category. The significance of the job is clearly discussed The significance of the inquiry of instructor beliefs in their function in determining instructional schemes to fix their pupils for proving is a timely one in the province of Florida. Performance-based appraisal is now compulsory in many schoolrooms but instructors and parents have become concerned about the genuineness of these appraisals and how assessment information can be used as formative feedback to better instruction and acquisition. Although these newer attacks are driven by a motive to do pupil appraisal informations more utile and meaningful than some traditional attacks this alteration was viewed as a positive progress by some research workers while others felt that it was hard to judge the theoretical benefits of these alterations or to get down to consistently research the nature of instructors ‘ schoolroom appraisal patterns. This trouble arises because research workers, protagonists, and specializers in school territories in the state have non arrived at a cons istent definition of what these footings mean or what these patterns look like ( Frey A ; Schmitt, 2007 ) . Coming to Footings With Classroom Assessment 2007 Bruce B. Frey-University of Kansas, Vicki L. Schmitt-Missouri State University Those who advocate for â€Å" aˆÂ ¦test-based accountabilityaˆÂ ¦ † argue that it increases pupil success by helping instructors to set more accent on the of import content in their capable country, provides wagess for good instruction, and produces informations that is used to do determinations about pupils, instructors, and schools. For such systems to work every bit intended, the policies must advance good direction, and any resulting additions in trial tonss must back up valid illations about increased pupil accomplishment. Research has shown that high-stakes testing does so act upon direction, but these effects are complex and consist both desirable and unwanted alterations in pattern. For illustration, instructors in territories or provinces where high bets are associated with trial consequences tend to concentrate on tried stuff and de-emphasize unseasoned stuff ( see Stecher, 2002 ) . Similarly, research indicates that the additions in tonss on high-stakes trials frequently generalize ill ( or non at all ) to other trials of the same sphere, raising uncertainties about the extent to which these additions provide valid grounds of improved pupil public presentation ( Klein, Hamilton, McCaffrey, A ; Stecher, 2000 ; Koretz A ; Barron, 1998 ; Koretz, Linn, Dunbar, A ; Shepard, 1991 ; Linn, 2000 ) . The literature on high bets proving is clear sing the history and development of these trials and how they are being implemented in school territories today. Conversely, the literature is divided into two factions-authors who believe that standardised testing is a good step of pupil acquisition and instruction, and writers who feel that high-stakes proving is a negative influence for instructors and pupils. The function that instructors believe they play in implementing in determining instructional schemes to fix pupils for proving is non a topic that has much coverage in the literature, but the branchings of † learning to the trial † is covered. The research inquiry is designed to understand the function instructors feel they play in determining instructional schemes to guarantee that their pupils achieve success on these compulsory province and authorities needed trials. These are the trials that they themselves are held accountable for the consequences by their schools and territories. If instructors feel they have no function in determining the direction for their ain pupils so for them it will be a affair of â€Å" learning to the trial † . If, on the other manus, they feel in control of direction the term â€Å" teacher efficaciousness † will be applicable to these instructors. Teacher self-efficacy refers to a instructor ‘s belief about his or her competency in holding a positive consequence on pupil larning accomplishment, Ashton, 1984 as cited in Denzilel, 2005. Prior research conducted in the field indicates that teacher self-efficacy is related to a instructor ‘s success in curriculum invention ( Berman A ; McLaughlin, 1977 ) , beliefs about pupils ‘ capablenesss ( Ashton, 1984 ) and intelligence ( Klein, 1996 ) , quality of pupil relationships ( Ashton A ; Webb, 1986 ) , assurance in working with parents ( Hoover- Dempsey, Bassler, A ; Brissie, 1987 ) , clip spent on academic acquisition ( Allinder, 1995 ) , self-efficacy of low-achieving pupils ( Midgley, Feldlaufer, A ; Eccles, 1989 ) , and the instructor ‘s ability to keep pupils accountable for their acquisition and public presentation ( Ashton A ; Webb, 1986 ) . In the original Rand surveies, teacher self-efficacy was measured by inquiring two inquiries: ( a ) ‘When it comes right down to it, a instructor truly ca n’t make much because most of a pupil ‘s motive and public presentation depends on his or her place environment ‘ , and ( B ) ‘If I try truly difficult, I can acquire through to even the most hard or unmotivated pupils ‘ . The first inquiry was hypothesized to measure instructors ‘ result outlooks, typically labeled learning efficaciousness ( TE ) . In contrast, the 2nd point was hypothesized to reflect personal instruction efficaciousness ( PE ) . From this position, TE relates to a instructor ‘s outcome outlooks and PE is based on the instructor ‘s judgements of his or her personal ability to act upon pupil acquisition. Early Rand research workers grounded teacher self-efficacy in Rotter ‘s ( 1966 ) venue of control concept and placed important accent on outcome outlook s and personal duty when construing efficaciousness tonss. Later, Ashton and Webb aligned the concept with a societal cognitive theoretical position of self-efficacy ( 1977, 1978 ) . In contrast to the venue of control position, the social-cognitive attack emphasizes the dealingss between efficaciousness beliefs and outcome outlooks. Harmonizing to Bandura, result and efficaciousness beliefs are related but can be conceptually and through empirical observation differentiated ( 1986, 1997 ) . For Ashton and Webb, TE and PE represent steps of result outlooks and efficaciousness outlooks, severally. Teacher efficaciousness can be affected by the function they play in fixing pupils for mandated standardised trials. Author Kenneth Vogler ( 2006 ) stated in his article that in the past instructors were merely accountable to their decision makers and local school boards. It was those local boards that developed the course of study every bit good as the criterions for their school system. Now, instructors, every bit good as decision makers, are being held accountable to the populace for the academic public presentation of pupils in their charge. Standardized testing is a world in south Florida and that fact is non altering in the foreseeable hereafter. Students, parents, and instructors have mobilized to alter the importance and weight of these trials, but there is still â€Å" FCAT blackout † where no schools are allowed to take field trips, no personal yearss are given to instructors, and no conferences are held by the territory. After the blackout comes â€Å" FCAT season † where schools are on practical lock-down until all the testing is complete. From personal experience, instructors are ranked by the additions their pupils made, particularly in reading, math, and scientific discipline. When the CAO was in office, each instructor received a â€Å" book † to be completed that twenty-four hours. Sometimes the day-to-day book was 15 pages or longer. All of the control was taken away with respect to instructional schemes and learning to the trial began on the first twenty-four hours of school. The resea rch says that this focussed instruction can be positive or negative. The focal point of this survey is to inquire instructors if they fell they have control fixing their pupils for these high-stakes trials and to analyze what works in their readying and which countries they feel they have no control in direction. The consequences will be good to both the school and territory as we struggle to equilibrate the ends set Forth by the authorities with our pupil ‘s single demands. Teachers ‘ RESPONSES TO HIGH-STAKES TESTING AND THE VALIDITY OF GAINS: A PILOT STUDY. Daniel M. Koretz CRESST/Harvard Graduate School of Education Laura S. Hamilton CRESST/RAND Education Coming to Footings With Classroom Assessment 2007 Bruce B. Frey-University of Kansas, Vicki L. Schmitt-Missouri State University British Journal of Educational Psychology ( 2005 ) , 75, 689-708, 2005 The British Psychological Society www.bpsjournals.co.uk. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Teacher Efficacy Scale for prospective instructors. Gypsy M. Denzine1* , John B. Cooney2 and Rita McKenzie3 1Northern Arizona University, USA 2University of Northern Colorado, USA 3Buena Vista University, USA How to cite Teaching as a profession has changed drastically, Essay examples

Financial Planning and Forecasting free essay sample

We have also provided comprehensive documentation on the templates so that you do not need to guess or figure out how we implemented the models. All our template models are only in black and white color. We believe this is how a professional financial template should look like and also that this is the easiest way for you to understand and use the templates. All the input fields are marked with the ‘*’ symbol for you to identify them easily. Whether you are a financial analyst, investment banker or accounting personnel. Or whether you are a student aspiring to join the finance world or an entrepreneur needing to understand finance, we hope that you will find this package useful as we have spent our best effort and a lot of time in developing them. ConnectCode Pg iii Financial Planning and Forecasting Version 1. 0 1. 1. 1 Financial Planning and Forecasting Pro Forma Financial Statements Financial statements projections and forecasting are very common in corporate financial analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Planning and Forecasting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reason is that it is very useful and important to forecast how much financing a company will require in future years. The projections are achieved by using historical sales, accounting data and assumptions on future sales and costs. These financial statements projections are known financial modeling as Pro Forma financial statements. 1. 2 Financial Statements Modeling This spreadsheet provides a template for financial statements forecasting. It requires simple financial statements inputs from the past 5 years and will automatically generate all the necessary Pro Forma Financial Statements projections outputs. The following diagram illustrates the process of using this template for financial statements forecasting.

Therapeutic Recreation

Study Rationale The RT practice entails continued improvement of interventions including fitness programs to help improve care for developmentally and intellectually challenged people. This study draws from a research by Wilhite, Biren and Spencer (2012) that examines the impact of a fitness intervention on the disabled and their caregivers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Therapeutic Recreation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This study will examine the experiences of disabled adults and caregivers involved in the RT care within clinical settings. In medical practice, patient experiences of an intervention are crucial; they help improve care delivery through patient-focused care and enhanced communication. Often, documentation in RT practice entails a record of the patient’s leisure profile and a quarterly description of the patient’s past experiences in the RT program. The quarterly descript ion has six basic components that guide recreational therapists in providing care and are entered in the patient’s chart: (1) the goal of the treatment/intervention; (2) the intervention plan; (3) the RT practitioner’s views on the patient’s leisure profile; (4) the resident’s views; (5) the patient progress; and (6) future directions regarding the plan of care. The outlined procedure fails to incorporate the findings of Wilhite et al., (2012) study and thus, may not portray an accurate picture of the patient’s actual experiences. Wilhite et al., (2012) establish that RT intervention participants derive such benefits as lower level of stress, improved muscle tone and decreased weight (p.257). Thus, for patients participating in a particular RT activity, their experiences should be incorporated in the intervention planning process. This will help improve the quality of RT care for the disabled. Further, although most recreational therapists particip ate in routine rounding as other professionals, their perceptions regarding RT activities and leisure opportunities in residential care will help align RT practice to medical models. This will enable the RT practitioners to give patient care that not only focuses on recreational leisure but is also patient centered. Purpose of the Study The proposed study aims to provide a framework for intervention planning for adult disabled residents. It will identify appropriate RT activities and leisure opportunities in a geriatric care setting (Shank Coyle, 2002). In this regard, this study has two objectives; first, to find out the perceptions and views of RT professionals about the current organization of RT activities; and second, to explore the participating patients’ experiences regarding RT benefits. It is hoped that the findings will help develop a framework that reflects the patients’ experiences and is consistent with medical models of patient care. The findings will al so enable RT practitioners to describe the leisure opportunities in professional terms and enhance their ability to provide holistic, patient-focused care through improved communication.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A statement of the problem In healthcare, recreational therapy, which in the context of a care facility is the patients’ plan of care, is essential. It helps improve clinical practice by incorporating the views of caregivers and their patients into the care plan. Medical care plans also function as legal documents in case of a lawsuit, and therefore, should be prepared in all clinical settings (Navar, 1991). Most care plans are based on measurable patient or nursing outcomes of a given clinical intervention. According to Shank and Coyle (2002), a â€Å"systematically organized and process-focused plan is an important basis for quality patient careâ⠂¬  (p. 132). However, patient experiences are often not incorporated most care plans. In RT practice, very few studies have examined the organization/planning of RT interventions. Navar (1991) states that, in clinical settings, patient-focused care is rooted in the RT concept. However, often, RT practitioners offer limited patient-focused services because the RT frameworks employed are largely borrowed from the nursing profession. In the recreational therapy context, the RT activities, when expressed in measurable terms, help practitioners achieve the goals of the intervention. Also, by examining the current TR practices, practitioners will be able to provide quality patient care. Literature Review Modern nursing practice is generally grounded on the concept of human becoming (Shank Coyle, 2002). The concept entails patient involvement in his or her care planning (Richeson, 2003). The same theory has been adapted in TR practice, whereby patients’ views and experiences info rm practice. Based on the human becoming philosophy RT practitioners can develop organized interventions that incorporate patients’ perceptions and experiences (Ross Ashton-Shaeffer, 2003). Most providers have developed patient-focused care (PFC) models to guide the practice. Spring (2007) writes that patient-focused care entails a system of â€Å"health that is defined by the individual and the goal in practice is enhancing quality of life as defined by the person rather than the health provider† (p. 617). In the TR context, the choice of PFC model affects both the organization of care delivery and perspectives within the RT field (Mikhail et al., 2005).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Therapeutic Recreation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most providers aim to develop an effective and efficient RT practice simplified documentation in a manner that reflects patient needs by simplifying the documentation process in a manner that reflects patient needs (Mikhail et al., 2005). It also entails a shift in the caregivers’ beliefs and values to promote interaction as a basic tenet of PFC model. This helps to strengthen nurse-patient relationships in the care settings. It is important to note that, though the RT profession is largely patient-centered, evidence on how recreational therapy and leisure contribute to a more patient-focused care is limited (Whitman, Flynn Fritz, 2003). Nevertheless, research findings indicate that RT interventions reduce the level of stress, improve muscle tone, or decrease weight in patient participants (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 257). Also, the practitioner-patient interactions during RT activities improve the practitioners’ understanding of the patients’ unique needs so that the care plan is organized to reflect the realities of the patients. Clinical planning is a critical element of RT practice; however, the quality and c onsistency of organization often vary from one care facility to another (Shank Coyle, 2002). Various previous studies focus on ways of improving the quality of RT interventions to achieve improved patient outcomes. A study by Townsend, Cox and Li (2010), which involved interviewing of nurses, found that internal factors such as nurses’ perceptions, nursing or medical terminology and unclear theories prevent nurses from using developing nursing care plans for each patient. Also, factors such as clinical charting requirements and organizational values also affect care planning (Carter, Van Andel Robb, 2003). Studies also show that extrinsic factors such as lack of time, redundancy in charting and noise disruptions affect documentation and organization of RT activities. Thus, RT activities the disabled should be organized to reflect the dynamics of the RT field. In addition, evidence-based practice in recreational therapy promotes the quality of services to patients (Donnelly, 2005). Richeson and McCullough (2002) state that relying on research evidence is essential in RT in three ways: (1) research evidence helps in the design, delivery and assessment of the RT program; (2) use of evidence promotes the achievement of desired patient outcomes; and (3) evidence ensures that the care services are quality and up-to-date. Also, evidence can help facilitate accreditation and accountability in the RT field (Buettner Fitzsimmons, 2007). Besides evidence, practitioners should consider the client needs, health outcomes and the recreation activities, when developing an intervention program.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it is imperative that RT professionals have relevant skills to help them to select interventions that will result in high patient outcomes (Kinney et al., 2004). Kinney et al., further state that the choice of the physical activities is essential in achieving positive treatment outcomes for a given RT program. Positive client outcomes indicate that the quality of service offered is high. Stumbo (2003) writes that positive patient outcomes are indications of the progress of the client, either mentally or physically, in the course of treatment. To achieve this, measurable outcomes must be identified, documented and disseminated to other health care professionals. RT professionals treat a number of health problems such as neurological impairment, orthopedic problems and psychiatric illnesses. Thus, to enhance treatment efficacy, the choice of the right intervention is important. Though there are a number of interventions used by RT professionals, the type of illness determin es the type of RT intervention to be used. Shank and Coyle (2002) write that RT practitioners can use different interventions for physically handicapped clients. Examples of health interventions in the RT field include; physical activity, self-expression, creative expression, social interaction and educational activities (Shank Coyle, 2002). Mind activities include meditation, aromatherapy, yoga, sensory stimulation and humor. Other RT interventions for the physically disabled involve physical activities such as exercises, swimming and exercise (Cameron et al., 2005). On the other hand, creative interventions include activities such as music, visual arts, dancing and storytelling. Self-expression interventions include reminiscence, spiritual therapy and adventure. A study conducted by Kinney, Kinney, and Witman, which involved a survey of 276 RT practitioners nationally established that the most common forms of interventions used by the respondents within the RT field include exerc ise, music, games, arts and activities of daily living (ADLs). The practitioners employed a number of facilitation approaches including leisure counseling, stress management, group therapy and reminiscence (Kinney et al., 2004). This implies that it is through a combination of RT approaches and activities that the health outcomes of physically handicapped residents can be improved. Hypothesis This study hypothesizes that a multifaceted RT intervention focusing on physical activities and leisure has more benefits to the disabled residents than a single approach. Findings from previous studies indicate that the participants derive such benefits as lower level of stress, improved muscle tone, or decreased weight (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 257). More importantly, the participants learn to interact with people who might not be closely familiar to them (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 260). Thus, a multifaceted, patient-focused intervention has the potential of significantly improving the clients ’ health outcomes. Research Questions The analysis of various studies reveals that the organization of RT care or activities should involve various activities. RT care planning frameworks should be evidence-based and must provide for opportunities for leisure (Richeson McCullough, 2002). To meet the study’s objectives, this study will involve the following research questions: How should RT professionals organize recreation activities for the disabled residents, while providing opportunities for leisure? How do the RT practitioners perceive recreation activities in residential care settings? Do recreational therapy activities achieve higher patient outcomes than standard practice? Research Methodology This study will use an action research approach to explore the patients’ experiences and RT practitioners’ perceptions regarding the RT activities and leisure opportunities for the disabled. The action research technique facilitates knowledge development a s it allows the researcher to cooperate with the participants in the course of the research (Domholdt, 2005). Action research is used in studies involving human subjects and in real-life situations. It is cyclical and involves observation, brainstorming and self-reflection. To determine the physical activities and leisure opportunities appropriate for the disabled residents, it is important that the participants and the RT practitioners are involved (Navar, 1991). In this study, the experiences of the patient and the perceptions of the practitioners will be used to develop a care plan for the disabled. Thus, through this approach, the research will identify new activities and frameworks of health care delivery for disabled residents in a Geriatric Hospital. A total of 100 participants will be randomly selected from this residential facility. The sample participants will include patients and registered RT practitioners (certified RT practitioners). Data Collection In the proposed stu dy, the main instruments that will be used in data collection will be questionnaires. The questionnaires will aim to identify the perceptions and attitudes of the participants in the RT practice (Domholdt, 2005). Email notifications will be randomly sent to potential participants. Individuals will be included in the sample upon sending a confirmation email. The study will use two sets of questionnaires: (1) participant survey questionnaires; and (2) practitioner survey questionnaires. The core questions in the practitioner survey questionnaires will include: In your view, which RT activities improve the patient outcomes for the disabled? What leisure opportunities are available for the disabled in the care facility? Which set of activities (physical, spiritual and personality/self-esteem) improve the health outcomes of the participants? Does a multifaceted approach help achieve higher treatment outcomes than a single strategy? What advantages does intervention planning for disabled patients have over standard care? On the other hand, the main questions in the patient questionnaire will include: Do the physical activities with RT help improve your health? (Does not help, slightly, to some extent, very helpful) What are your experiences regarding the RT intervention in this facility? (Less helpful, helpful, very helpful) How can you rate the RT intervention services in this facility? (Very poor, poor, good, very good) How can you rate the effectiveness of the intervention? (Not effective, moderately effective, effective and very effective) This study will use the random sampling technique (Domholdt, 2005). Email notification will be sent to potential participants. Only disabled residents in the Geriatric Hospital will participate in this research. The participants, selected through the inclusion criteria mentioned above, will undergo a multifaceted intervention program conducted by certified RT professionals for a period of one month. Their views and the per ceptions of the practitioners about the intervention will be collected using structured questionnaires. Data analysis will involve a qualitative approach. The participants’ responses will be grouped into common themes (Domholdt, 2005). Sub-themes will be drawn from the major themes to further explain the client’s experiences of the RT intervention. The researcher will further analyze the sub-themes to identify the concerns and pressures related to RT practice in geriatric/special care settings. Techniques for Recording and Reporting the Findings The themes identified from the analysis of the participants’ responses will be compared with the patient-focused care (PFC) framework and the researcher’s notes. The RT activities identified will be recorded in the charts. This will guide future intervention planning for the disabled in long-term care facilities. Also, the themes identified from the patients’ responses will be used to develop a patient-focu sed, evidence-based care model that is specific to the organization (Donnelly, 2005). The new RT model will be published in recreational therapy and medical journals. Suggestions for the Future The proposed research will only focus on the residents’ experiences regarding a multi-faceted RT intervention and the RT practitioners’ perceptions about the intervention. A framework for organizing or planning recreational activities and leisure will be developed from the findings of the study. Future studies should focus on evaluation techniques for the new framework. Peer review of the framework will enable the researchers to assess the quality of the research. As Domholdt (2005) suggests, the participants should be involved in the evaluation of the new framework to ensure that the model reflects the actual experiences of the participants. This approach will also increase the RT practitioners’ ability to offer patient-focused care within the Geriatric Hospital setting. Incorporating the views and experiences of the disabled residents is a core element of the patient-focused care that guides recreational therapy practice in clinical care settings. References Buettner, L., Fitzsimmons, S. (2007). Introduction to evidence based recreation therapy. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 15(9), 12-19. Cameron, K., Ballantyne, S., Msot, A., Msot, M., Msot, T., Ludwig, F. (2005). Utilization of evidence-based practice of registered occupational therapists.  Occupational Therapy International, 12(3), 123-136. Carter, M.J, Van Andel, G.E., Robb, G.M (2003). Therapeutic Recreation –A practical  Approach. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. Domholdt, E. (2005). Rehabilitation Research-Principles and Applications. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders. Donnelly, W.J. (2005) Patient-centered medical care requires a patient-centered medical record. Academic medicine, 80(1), 33-38. Kinney, J.S., Kinney, T. Witman, J. (2004). Therapeutic recreation m odalities and facilitation techniques: A national study. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 13(2), 59-79 Mikhail, C.,Korner-Bitensky, N., Rossignol, M., Dumas, J. (2005). Physical Therapists’ Use of Interventions with High Evidence of Effectiveness in the Management of a Hypothetical Typical Patient With Acute Low Back Pain.  Physical Therapy, 85(11), 1151-1167 Navar, N. (1991). Advancing Therapeutic Recreation Through Quality  Assurance: A Perspective on the Changing Nature of Quality in Therapeutic Recreation. State College, PA: Ventura Publishing, Inc Parker, M.J. (2000). Evidence based case report: Managing an elderly patient with a fractured femur. British Medical Journal, 320(9), 102-103. Richeson, N. (2003). Effects of animal-assisted therapy on agitated behaviors and social interactions of older adults with dementia: an evidence-based therapeutic recreation intervention. American Journal of Recreation Therapy, 2(4), 9-16. Richeson, N.E., McCullough, W.T. (2002). An evidence-based animal-assisted therapy protocol and flow sheet for the geriatric recreation therapy practice.  American Journal of Recreation Therapy, 15(4), 241-251. Ross, J.E., Ashton-Shaeffer, M. (2003). Selecting and Designing Intervention  Programs for Outcomes. State College, PA.: Ventura Publishing, Inc. Shank, J., Coyle, C. (2002) Therapeutic recreation in health promotion and  rehabilitation. State College, PA: Venture Publishing. Spring, B. (2007). Evidence-based practice in clinical psychology: What it is, why it matters; what you need to know. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(7), 611-631. Stumbo, N.J. (2003). The Importance of Evidence-Based Practice in Therapeutic Recreation. State College, PA: Ventura Publishing, Inc. Townsend, A., Cox, S., Li, L. (2010). Qualitative Research Ethics: Enhancing Evidence-Based Practice in Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy, 90(4), 615-628 Whitman, J.M., Flynn, T.W., Fritz J.M. (2003). Nonsurgical management of patients wi th lumbar spinal stenosis: a literature review and a case series of three patients managed with physical therapy. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Clinics of North America 14(3), 77-101. Wilhite, B., Biren, G., Spencer, L. (2012). Fitness intervention for adults with developmental disabilities and their caregivers. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 46(4), 245-267. This assessment on Therapeutic Recreation was written and submitted by user Lesly F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Therapeutic Recreation Introduction The prader-Willi syndrome results from the deletion or lack of expression of seven of the genes found on chromosome 15. It is as a result of disruptions in the paternal chromosome 15. Disruptions in similar regions of the maternal chromosome result in the Angelman Syndrome (Eiholzer, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Therapeutic Recreation – Prader-Willi Syndrome specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People affected by the syndrome and its prevalence The syndrome’s incidence falls between 1out of 10,000 and 1 out of 25000 births that are live. It affects young children, adolescents and even adults. In some cases, it may affect fetuses developing in their mother’s wombs. Children suffering from the syndrome exhibit lethargy, retarded growth and coordination difficulties. They also sleep a lot and often experience difficulties during feeding. Adolescents may become obese and show slowness in development. Adults suffering from the syndrome also exhibit obesity and have a high tendency of suffering from diabetes mellitus (Whittington, Holland, 2004). Relationship to other medical disorders The chromosomal disruptions affect the hypothalamus’s function of regulating appetite. The patients therefore have an extreme appetite that is insatiable and the result is obesity. Raised ghrelin levels are also found in the patients. The elevated ghrelin levels have a direct relationship with the obesity and appetite. Diabetes mellitus is common in the patients. The patients also suffer from anxiety and psychiatric disorders. In some cases, patients get depression, paranoia and hallucinations which mostly result in hospitalization. A major characteristic of the syndrome is hypogonadism. Males have testes that are undescended. The situation may be self rectifying. If this does not happen, replacement of testosterone or surgery may be applied. Females have an adrenarc he that is premature and benign. The treatment used for this condition is the replacement of hormones. Patients of the syndrome exhibit a deficiency in growth hormones and are therefore short in stature (Whittington, Holland, 2004). Historical information and current research conducted Heinrich Willi, Guido Fanconi, Alexis Labhart, Andrea Prader and Andrew Zielger were the first people to explain the Prader -Willi Syndrome. This was done in the year 1956. It has been found that over 400, 000 people worldwide have the syndrome and this is a significantly large number.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research has been extremely useful in the diagnosis of the syndrome. This is done by carrying out tests of a genetic nature on the patients. Research has aided in the prevention of erroneous diagnosis because the symptoms of the Prader – Willi syndrome closely resemble those of Down syndrome. Although there is no known cure for the Prader Willi syndrome, various treatments are being used to deal with the symptoms exhibited by patients of the syndrome. These include therapies for improved speech and muscular tone in infants, injection of growth hormones to support growth and reduce the rate at which the patients gain weight. Research has also shown that machines can be used for proper passage of air in the respiratory tracts of extremely obese patients when they sleep (Eiholzer, 2005). Significance of the syndrome in the recreation and leisure field There are specific programs that have been implemented to ensure that patients suffering from the syndrome are well accommodated in the recreation and leisure field. These programs ensure the safety of patients. They also ensure that the patients are able to live a full life without feeling discriminated against. Such programs create forums for parents to voice their concerns during meetings. Families are ab le to share what they are going through and support each other by encouraging talk and sharing ideas on how to improve the life and health of patients. Where patients have retarded coordination, therapists are availed to assist. These facilities are able to exhibit professionalism as a result of proper management and leadership. The facilities are important as they ensure that the society lives in harmony without discrimination, regardless of the conditions that the various people are suffering from (Whittington, Holland, 2004). Conclusion There is a significant number of people suffering from the Prader – Willi syndrome and it is therefore necessary to ensure that their lives are protected. This is achieved by taking them for treatment and helping them to live as normally as they can (Eiholzer, 2005). References Eiholzer, U. (2005). Prader-willi syndrome: Coping with the disease – Living with those involved. Switzerland, S. Karger AG.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Therapeutic Recreation – Prader-Willi Syndrome specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whittington, J., Holland, T. (2004). Prada –willi syndrome: Development and manifestations. New York, Cambridge University Press. This report on Therapeutic Recreation – Prader-Willi Syndrome was written and submitted by user Makhi Steele to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Brilliant Madness essays

A Brilliant Madness essays This is his misery, this is his demise, this is his life. Bipolar disorder literally grasps the reins of your life control and all aspects experience a drastic change. A pitiful thought, to think that any individual can experience the grief of manic-depression, yet only .5 percent of the world is clinically diagnosed (Turkington 77). Sure, everyone feels the blues at times, it is a basic part of life and even some might have half-seriously considered suicide, but bipolar disorder is different from any brief sadness. It effects the brain, the nerves, and the heart; your body is lost in disease. Bipolar patients are diagnosed by a psychiatrict physician as a severely depressed individual who experiences periods of blunt solemness, next climax to hyperactive and impetuous behavior, and then downfall back to feeling despairful depressed emotions. Manic-depression has several relapses as victims suffer a continuous rollercoaster-like ride of emotions of sadness to extreme hyperactivity. Yet, Bipolar disorder has often been mistaken in the past for other false conditions such as an individual ¡s personal weakness. Manic-depression (or Bipolar Disord er) is a chronic, progressive disease due to the brain ¡s neurotransmitter ¡s failure to fit into special receptors and does not successfully circulate within the brain causing severe emotional distress to a patient; this can be treated by conversational therapy and/or the oral-disgestion of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other medications. Manic-depression is somewhat easily diagnosed by irregular behavior of a patient. All or a combination of these can be categorized as depression: being emotional, having a drastic change in appetite/weight, sleeping too much/too little, having anger, lack of interest in leisure/sex, lowering self-esteem and self-confidence, having trouble concentrating, being anxious/edgy/jumpy, being restless, having slow body movements, having an irregula...

Tesco Competitive Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tesco Competitive Strategy - Case Study Example echoes that, today the challenges for companies is not just providing high quality product but the ability to provide these products at a lower cost and price (Prahalad & Hamel 1990). These must be incorporated in the company's strategies. Against this background companies are in dear search for different ways and measures to remain competitive and consequently create values for their shareholders. (Hamel & Prahalad, 1994). Having said this, the paper focuses on TESCO. In section two I will provide an overview of the company, its products, people and resources, part two of the paper looks at its competitive position in line with the five forces model, while part three discusses its competitive advantage, and the last section provides the conclusion and recommendations. TESCO Plc is an international retailer founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 that has established itself as the largest super store in Europe (Report 2008). According to the company 2008 corporate report and the website, being an international retailer, its principal activities include food retailing, simple travel insurance, personal finance, TELECOM and recycling having over 2,000 stores in the United Kingdom (Company's Review 2008). The company also has stores and retail outlet in other countries like the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan and China (Tesco 2006 Review). In addition, it operates 165 International Express stores. In addition it operates 39 stores in China, 111 in Japan, 13 in Malaysia, 62 in South Korea, 6 in Taiwan, 219 in Thailand, 35 in Czech Republic, 87 in Hungary, 105 in Poland, 91 in Republic of Ireland, 37 in Slovakia and 8 in Turkey. (Tesco Annual Review, 2008). It therefore operates round the clock which demonstrates its commitment to create customer value which in turn generates superior value for its shareholders. The success of this international giant in the retail sector can be attributed to its aggressive global strategy of geographical diversification, product differentiation, cost focus and it use of umbrella branding. In its attempt to renew the brand and keep it in sync with changing customer tastes, Tesco follows an umbrella strategy including international diversification, providing value to customers, product diversification, innovation, acquisition and umbrella branding. (Tesco Annual Review, 2008). 2.0 Tesco and Porter's Five Forces Framework Through the below stated framework developed by Michael Porter we will identify the sources of competition in an industry. Here, according to Porter (1990), the sources of competition in an industry such as the grocery sector in the case of Tesco can be easily depicted. Figure 1: Porters Five Forces Framework adapted from Johnson et al (2007) Figure 1 above depicts the forces of competition in an industry. According to Porter (1990) enables market analyst and investors to asses the attractiveness and profit potentials likely to be in an industry. Using this framework an analyst gets to identify the sources of competition in an industry or sector (Johnson & Scholes 2005). The basis upon which this framework is built will serve to