Carbon Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carbon Market - Essay Example The "EU Emissions Trading Scheme" turned into a failure, because the energy consumption went down and with it the demand to obtain permits. On the other hand industries attempted to increase their turnover selling the unused permits to other companies. What is more, the green energy projects have spotted producing the desires effect. The author is asking what would be an adequate price for the carbon emissions. NASA climate scientist observes that for him proposing the right cost will determinate if we as humans can cope with the irreversible climate changes that we have caused. The author comments that there are numerous ways to put a value on carbon. One of them is to calculate what will be the cost per tonne to diminish the emissions. Another approach is "the social cost of carbon". This method estimates the damage price to the atmosphere for a lifetime. The World Bank conducted experiments with this method as well as Dutch government and UK treasury. However, they all variable are taken into consideration the estimation tremendously vary from 35 GBP to 140 GBP per tonne. Another technique is the "shadow price of carbon". This one estimates factors like willingness to pay for the reduction of carbon emissions. All those approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, all of them share a common shortcoming which the author calls "the paradox of environmental economics". In fact what is done is that people put price on the catastrophic and harmful carbon dioxide. They put price on killing the environment. This is the market solution failure to the environmental issue. Governments have to spend and invest more money on renewable energy and this should be done as an economic stimulus. For example the UK has spent more than 20% of its gross domestic product to enhance the financial sector and only 0,0083% on green projects. Price mechanism to control the carbon emissions is imperfect and unworkable solution. The author is asking the rhetorical questions, if we could find a doable one. He hasn't find it as yet, but he is open to suggestions and commentaries. In this article the author tries to show that "carbon trading" is the biggest trading commodity. Unfortunately, carbon trading does not offer a feasible solution with the problem of global warming. I agree with the author in that the governments should invest more in renewable resources, than collecting money from heavy industries which produce the damaging emissions. However, there is no proper solution for this environmental issue. Non-governmental and non-profit organizations have appealed for a long time that immediate actions must be taken for reducing the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Government should receive financial incentives to apply the green agenda. Trading emissions in fact made some companies acquire monetary benefits out of polluting the air less. What happens is that companies which have successfully met the emission target and have surplus of carbon units might want to sell those to companies that fall short. So instead of following the proper way of obtaining the permit and pay extra, companies swap carbon certificates with no additional price involved. An action welcomed by most of the countries was the commencement of Kyoto protocol. With this the world was divided into two - who countries that make the effort and change the existing infrastructure to pollute less

Psychology assignment Essay Example for Free

Psychology assignment Essay Conformity involves a change in behaviour or opinion in order to fit in with a group. This may be family or peers (a membership group) or it may be pop and sports stars (a reference group). This group can be either a majority or a minority group. (S-cool Student Site)  Two processes have been identified in causing people to conform (Deutsch and Gerard (1955)), these are normative influence which often comes from peer pressure such as fear of rejection and wanting approval and informational influence which is the fear of looking unintelligent and believing others know better especially with something unfamiliar or difficult. There have been many studies done by psychologists into why people conform two examples of which are Zimbardo et al (1973) and Moscovici et al (1969) which are described as follows:  Zimbardos aim in his Stamford prison experiment was to examine conformity to social roles and expectations in other words to see the effect of making good, normal people into prisoners and prison guards.  The procedure for the experiment was that twenty-four middle class male students who were mentally sound in tests and without any criminal convictions were paid fifteen dollars a day and divided into prisoners or guards by the flip of a coin. The prisoners were arrested at their homes, blindfolded and taken to the psychology Department of Stanford University that had been converted into a realistic prison. From there the prison regime was established, the three guards were given khaki uniforms dark glasses and wooden batons, the prisoners were issued uniforms and put into cells. They were informed that no physical aggression was permitted. The participants were then left to their roles of either prison guard or prisoner. The findings of the study were that the prison guards became more and more verbally and physically aggressive. The prisoners rebelled against the guards after only one day and fire extinguishers were used to control the prisoners. The prisoners became depersonalised and suffered emotional depression, one prisoner had to be released after only one day and two more on the fourth day. The study was abandoned after only six days instead of the planned fourteen. Zimbardo believes that the study demonstrated the powerful effect roles could have on peoples behaviour. The participants were playing the role that they thought was expected of them in particular the stereotyped view of how prison guards behave. In other words they were conforming to an unofficial script. The prison environment played an important part in how the guards behaved as none had shown sadistic tendencies before the study. The study has been criticized because of the lack of informed consent the participants had and the humiliation and distress experienced by the prisoners. Zimbardo was also criticised for acting the role of prison superintendent. In Zimbardos defence he only found out himself late on that he had the backing of the police to do the arrest and there was no time to tell the participants. He also couldnt really tell them what was going to happen without it becoming unrealistic. The study was stopped early and the participants had no lasting effects from the study, after extensive debriefing and follow-ups years later. Infact they revealed they had learned an important lesson in that we can all be overwhelmed by social influences. Zimbardo himself now acknowledges that he shouldnt of acted the role of superintendent but still believes that there should still be an independent monitor in this sort of research so that not only are the participants protected valuable information can also be acquired.

Defining Mills Harm Principle Philosophy Essay

Defining Mills Harm Principle Philosophy Essay The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. John Stuart Mill. The above sentence has been the one significant principle as asserted by Mill in his famous On Liberty, commonly called the harm principle. Harm, in his context, means only direct harm, by means of actions and inaction, onto others. Harm that one done to others by harming himself does not count unless one has failed to fulfil some specific and concrete obligation that ought to be done initially. Interference should not be placed on someone as long as the things done do not harm others. Legal penalties and sanctions can only be justified if they are imposed to prevent harm to others. Mill mentioned that the time where the society or the individual as a whole can impose influences on particular individual liberty is when it is for self-protection. If a person is placing himself in a position that is dangerous solely to him, society has no right to interfere. He believes that every individual is autonomous, nothing can be compelled upon him/her, for his/her own benefit/welfare, as long as the thing done does not impose threats to others even though it is harming himself. This is what Mill meant from Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign  [1]  . However, this does not apply to children and some backward states of society, who are not capable to take care of themselves and to make sensible decisions, such as the undeveloped races. Furthermore, Mill thought that human liberty should encompass first, the inward domain of conscience, and liberty of thought and feeling. Second, the liberty of tastes and pursuits in planning ones own life and lastly, the liberty of individuals in uniting with other consenting collective groups for any purposes which do not harm others. He believed that a good society can only exist through the granting of all the liberties to the people in pursuing their own good lives in their own good ways.  [2]   In Mills works, they were inevitably much influenced by his thought on utilitarianism  [3]  . Obviously, in which he regarded utility as the ultimate appeal on all ethical questionsin the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of man  [4]  Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, would be the permanent interests of mankind. This can be seen much clearer where he held that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.  [5]   What did the legal theorists think? In an influential defence of the harm principle, Raz has challenged on the precept on how the state should promote the well-being of people and in the pursuit of moral ideas, how far, the state in coercing the society should be determined by the harm principle. He suggested that it is a perfectionist ideal which presupposes specific moral conceptions which are not indifferent towards criteria of moral worth or moral virtue  [6]  . Also, as we have seen, Mill ruled out the compulsion and control of the state to prevent harmless wrongdoing although that could be what the state think is in the best interest of the society in obtaining pleasures and happiness. By acting as a guiding principle in terms of political restraint, this will not lead Raz to non-perfectionist position  [7]  . Raz supported Mills harm principle not by his utilitarian path, but by the autonomy principle. He claimed that the autonomy principle is an important ingredient for the state to pursue a moral good and to promote a good life for the citizens in such societies. Autonomous life is valuable only if it is spent in the pursuit of acceptable and valuable projects and relationships.  [8]   Ultimately, Razs central claim is to defend the harm principle through the principle of autonomy for one simple reason: The means used, coercive interference, violates the autonomy of its victim because it violates the condition of independence and expresses a relation of domination and an attitude of disrespect for the coerced individual and, coercion by criminal penalties is a global and indiscriminate invasion of autonomy.  [9]  To complete a personal autonomy, condition of independence  [10]  must be present, too. Slavery, moral censorship, sale of contraceptives  [11]  , etc could be the more common examples. Dan-Cohen has also come out with a similar structure of Razs arguments on the harm principle but a rather more different and inconsistent conclusion, in which he focused more on criminal law. He suggested that the harm principle should be replaced by the dignity principle  [12]  because dignity demands that our actions, practices, and institutions convey an attitude of respect to people.  [13]  He has made a hypothetical example of happy slavery in contradicting with Razs argument on the independence is part and parcel of autonomy but his point is, a dignity principle altogether independent of autonomy.  [14]  

Hydrogen Essays -- essays research papers

Since the beginning of the scientific revolution in the early nineties the mankind looks for an energy source that is clean and renewable; solution of this problem would be probably the most common thing in our life - WATER. Water consists of two chemical elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Each molecule of water consists of two hydrogen (H2) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. Chemical binding between these three atoms is very stable and strong. Therefore, the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen is under normal circumstances very intense and generates a lot of energy. 2H2 + O2 Â ® 2H2O + energy Both, hydrogen and oxygen are gases at normal temperatures and pressures and the product of this reaction is pure water, usually in its gaseous form - steam. Now it may look like hydrogen is the ideal power source that mankind is ever since looking for. More than 70 % of the Earth surface is covered by water, therefore hydrogen is renewable and unlimited. Reaction of hydrogen with oxygen generates a lot of energy and it does not have any negative output, only water. But, the respectable power hidden in water is known for more than 200 hundred years and as long scientists are trying to find a way to extract this energy, rather how to split the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be used to power cars, rail engines, airplanes, to produce electricity and heat. But, although the technical breakthrough in 19th and 20th century brought hydrogen into experimental use in many applications, there are still many problems to deal with. There sure is a lot of misinformation about hydrogen gone to public, so here are the basic facts about hydrogen as a power source according to the Nuts & Volts Magazine. Hydrogen on earth is not a fuel. It is only an energy carrier. Following the definition of the word fuel, fuel is a substance that is capable of delivering new energy when burning or other chemical reaction occurs. On the other hand energy carrier is a substance that is only able to move previously acquired energy from one place to another. To be accurate, water molecule is energetically very advantageous for both oxygen and hydrogen atoms and needs much energy to disintegrate it again into hydrogen and oxygen atoms, or better H2 and O2 molecules, therefore H2 and O... ...national strength of all the countries that do not have any important petroleum resources and every country could be self- sufficient with hydrogen. For example U. S. trade balance sheets show that oil imports drain 1 billion dollars from the U. S. economy every week. Important is also the "clean transport effect", thanks to an engine that does not produces any carbon dioxide or other environmentally dangerous emissions. Hydrogen could be considered to be more safe than gasoline, if safety prescriptions are not violated, in case of an accident hydrogen would quickly evaporate and ascend in the atmosphere, while gasoline would stay spilled on the ground. Hydrogen caries much more energy than gasoline, is more engine saving and also the fuel cell technology promises further development and increasing reliability of hydrogen powered cars. Following United States Department of Energy we can expect regular hydrogen-powered traffic in 20 maybe 30 years. Although, until now no hydrogen-powered cars are in production and hydrogen-powered engine is only under development hydrogen stays the main alternative fuel of the future. Hydrogen Essays -- essays research papers Since the beginning of the scientific revolution in the early nineties the mankind looks for an energy source that is clean and renewable; solution of this problem would be probably the most common thing in our life - WATER. Water consists of two chemical elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Each molecule of water consists of two hydrogen (H2) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. Chemical binding between these three atoms is very stable and strong. Therefore, the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen is under normal circumstances very intense and generates a lot of energy. 2H2 + O2 Â ® 2H2O + energy Both, hydrogen and oxygen are gases at normal temperatures and pressures and the product of this reaction is pure water, usually in its gaseous form - steam. Now it may look like hydrogen is the ideal power source that mankind is ever since looking for. More than 70 % of the Earth surface is covered by water, therefore hydrogen is renewable and unlimited. Reaction of hydrogen with oxygen generates a lot of energy and it does not have any negative output, only water. But, the respectable power hidden in water is known for more than 200 hundred years and as long scientists are trying to find a way to extract this energy, rather how to split the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be used to power cars, rail engines, airplanes, to produce electricity and heat. But, although the technical breakthrough in 19th and 20th century brought hydrogen into experimental use in many applications, there are still many problems to deal with. There sure is a lot of misinformation about hydrogen gone to public, so here are the basic facts about hydrogen as a power source according to the Nuts & Volts Magazine. Hydrogen on earth is not a fuel. It is only an energy carrier. Following the definition of the word fuel, fuel is a substance that is capable of delivering new energy when burning or other chemical reaction occurs. On the other hand energy carrier is a substance that is only able to move previously acquired energy from one place to another. To be accurate, water molecule is energetically very advantageous for both oxygen and hydrogen atoms and needs much energy to disintegrate it again into hydrogen and oxygen atoms, or better H2 and O2 molecules, therefore H2 and O... ...national strength of all the countries that do not have any important petroleum resources and every country could be self- sufficient with hydrogen. For example U. S. trade balance sheets show that oil imports drain 1 billion dollars from the U. S. economy every week. Important is also the "clean transport effect", thanks to an engine that does not produces any carbon dioxide or other environmentally dangerous emissions. Hydrogen could be considered to be more safe than gasoline, if safety prescriptions are not violated, in case of an accident hydrogen would quickly evaporate and ascend in the atmosphere, while gasoline would stay spilled on the ground. Hydrogen caries much more energy than gasoline, is more engine saving and also the fuel cell technology promises further development and increasing reliability of hydrogen powered cars. Following United States Department of Energy we can expect regular hydrogen-powered traffic in 20 maybe 30 years. Although, until now no hydrogen-powered cars are in production and hydrogen-powered engine is only under development hydrogen stays the main alternative fuel of the future.

Leadership in Health and Social Care Essay

Use and Develop systems that promote communication. Evidence: †¢ TC Refresher Training 25/06/13 †¢ Picture Hygiene Chart †¢ Aspergers Training Certificates †¢ Minuets from TC updates †¢ Various support plans (Stated Below) †¢ Pictures of TC boards †¢ Feelings chart for RL In the services that I manage there is a range of individuals with different communication barriers. In Rivendell one of the services, I have a gentleman SG with very poor hearing and no verbal communication. Myself and the team at the service use Signs, pictures, Symbols and Widgets to communicate with him. We also have a lady LW at the service who has very little verbal communication and what she does say is often in her own way of communicating which at first not everyone understands. She can hear but cannot always understand or take in everything that people say to her. She responds to the welsh language much better. We again use signs, pictures and widgets to communicate to LW. There is another gentleman there DB who can communicate and hear but can get easily distracted so Pictures also work well with DB. In Gwel Afon another service, I have 3 gentlemen who can read and communicate however they like to have pictures and symbols to help them with things. For example they have an accessible chore chart and I did make one gentleman a picture hygiene chart to prompt him to shower / shave etc on certain days as he would tend to forget. I also manage a service called Glanadl where two gentlemen live, they are both very independent and can speek for themselves. However one of these gentlemen cannot read so we do support him with this. I have two gentlemen in my services who have Aspergers, even though they can communicate they can sometimes struggle to understand what you are saying to them or take it the wrong way. As manager of these service I ensure that all of my employees have the correct training to support these individuals. All employees from Rivendell that use widget and TC have been on the Total Communications Training, they also receive a TC refresher every few months. I have assigned SW a support worker at the service to be a TC co-ordinator and he does a TC induction with all new starters before they go on their training. For employees that work with the two gentlemen with Aspergers I requested Aspergers training which was tailored around the two individuals and their communication in particular. I will have meetings with the Speech and Language department at C.T.L.D every few months to discuss the current Communication systems in place at Rivendell and review them. We are currently looking into getting IPAD’s at the service to improve communication as it was proven very beneficial in the trial the individuals had. When I took over as manager in the Rivendell service I felt that the communication systems could be improved. I worked with the team to improve the communication systems by getting more wigets around the service, we set up a TC board in individual bedrooms. We also set up a TC board in the hall way with activities on. When we received the timetable from the SAC for each individual it was all written out so none of the individuals would understand it. I asked my Team Developer at the service to re-do these timetables with the relevant symbols and pictures and these are working really well. The individual files of each persons support I manage are tailored to them, If they have communication barriers and respond well to pictures then we use pictures aswel as writing in their files so they can be involved in there support plans. See DB & SG support plans. Each individual has there own support plans and if they require support around communication there will be detailed support plans stating what support they need. See ML & LW Communication Support Plans.

The College Life Essays - Cramming, Free Essays, Term Papers

The College Life Essays - Cramming, Free Essays, Term Papers The College Life The College Life Schedules are a difficult thing to balance. A person must find the time to complete a number of tasks in a day. A normal adult may have time to get everything done and still have time to spare. The normal college student on the other hand is constantly on the go. College students have busy schedules that include working, studying, and socializing. Most college students work. How else are they going to have the money for all those late night pizza deliveries? Part time employees usually eat on the road on the way from school to work. They work about 5 or 6 hours a day and then head home tired and ready for bed. Maybe not every night but usually there is some kind of paper to be written or chapter to be read. Full time college students that are also full-time workers have to plan everything out in order to make the time to get everything done. One of the things most college students dont make time for is housework. They often wait until everything is dirty to start the laundry. Dishes are another thing that tend to pile up. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner plates and glasses add up after a week. College students must find time in their busy schedules to study. In order to keep up they must do daily assignments. Reading every night helps to prepare for the exams. Taking notes in class and out of class are also necessary. Students also have exams at the end of the semester that require hours of studying. Waiting until the last minute and then cramming it all in is often a final resort. Many students who have kept up just go over and recall the information. All students must find time to study in order to pass. To escape from studying and working college students are known for socializing. They may help out in service clubs. Visiting a nursing home can be relaxing and comforting for both people. Weekends are busy times for dance clubs in college towns. College students go to clubs for fun. Clubs can be a good place to make new friends or to meet up with old ones. To help relieve stress there is nothing like having a long talk with a good friend. College students are under a great deal of stress. They must manage their time wisely. As one can see their schedules are busy with working, studying, and socializing. Bibliography none

Hoe young people are represented in films Essays

Hoe young people are represented in films Essays Hoe young people are represented in films Essay Hoe young people are represented in films Essay Discuss the presentation of young people in the new wave films you have studied, You should refer to A Bout De Soufflà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and at least two other films in your answer.I am going to discuss the ways that the French new wave directors made the young characters they have created in there films come across to the audience and why they have made the young characters appear to be like this. I am going to relate to Michel and Patricia in Goddards A Bout De Soufflà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, Antoine in Truffauts Four hundred blows and Charlie In Truffauts The Nouvelle Vague. (Shoot the Pianist).French new wave directors have used young characters in their films to present them in a certain ways. Weather the characters be young children or young adults they are presented as a handful, sort of like problems to the parents or older generation In the way the characters have been told what to do and the way to act.In Goddards A Bout de Soufflà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ the young character Michel and Patricia are both very self obsessed with themselves in the way they both are always looking in the mirrors and only listening to themselves and not each other. In my opinion the character Michel is shown as if he has a psychological problem with the way he talks to himself, the way he is not settled and is on the run from the police and also he has a missing identity in the film as he is acting as if he is something he is not. Patricia is shown to be confused when she is around Michel, she doesnt know if she loves him or not. Its as if she is leading him on until she makes up her mind on if she wants to be with Michel or not.In Truffauts Four Hundred Blows Antoine is a young Truffaut its conceded to be a biographical story of his childhood. His mother and stepfather concede Antoine as a problem child. Everything he does is wrong in the eyes of his parents and teachers at school. Antoine tries to do right and be creative but is always gets in to trouble. He ends up running away from home and the detention center. To the city of Paris. This shows that Paris is like a mother to Antoine. Every woman in Antoines life seems not to care for him. In the end Antoine runs into the ocean in other words he is running back to where he came from. (Where life started)In Truffauts shoot the pianist the young character Charlie is presented as a talented pianist and has big dreams to become one of Pariss best pianist but will not follow his dreams. And instead works in a small French bistro. He seems to have a bit of a psychological problem with all of his daydreams and thoughts but will not do anything about what he wants.In Goddards Bande a part (the outsiders) the title of the film gives it away that the characters who are young are outsiders who do not fit in with the other people in there community or with Paris. Odile lives with her aunt who does not seem to care about Odile only herself. When Odile meets Franz and Arthur she believes that they are her two friends w hen really they only want to be with her for her uncles money and, as she is a beautiful looking girl. She has no real friends so hangs around with the two boys who are idiots. She finds out that they are not her true friends in the end as one of them hit her when they discover they cannot steal her uncles money.In my opinion I believe that in all French new wave films that the young characters that have been created by the new wave directors have all been created to be troubled and unwanted by the older generation they have contact with. A good name for this is the outsiders (Bande a part) they do not fit in with the rest of the communities. None of the young characters in the new wave films seem to have a caring family around them and that support them they all seem to be so called friends or in Antoines situation has parents but his parents always seem to talk about regretting having him and that they should have aborted him.

Definition and Examples of the Comparative Degree

Definition and Examples of the Comparative Degree In English grammar, the comparative is the form of an adjective or adverb involving a comparison of more or less, greater or lesser. Comparatives in English are either marked by the suffix -er  (as in the faster bike) or identified by the word more or less (the more difficult job. Almost all  one-syllable  adjectives, along with some two-syllable adjectives, add  -er  to the  base  to form the comparative. In most adjectives of two or more  syllables, the comparative is identified by the word  more  or  less. Test your knowledge by working through this  Exercise in Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives. Examples and Observations We can rebuild. Enlarge the containment field. Make it bigger and stronger than ever! But we need money. -Alfred Molina as Doc Ock in Spider-Man 2, 2004There is no kind of dishonesty into which otherwise good people more easily and frequently fall than that of defrauding the government. -Benjamin FranklinThe stronger the smell of whiskey on him, the kinder and gentler he was with me and my brother. -Harry Crews, A Childhood: The Biography of a Place, 1978There is nothing worse than aggressive stupidity. -Johann Wolfgang von GoetheIn memory, the games seem continuous and the days longer, richer, denser, and emptier than any others in my life. -Pete Hamill, A Drinking Life, 1994I had always wanted to go further, higher, deeper, free myself from the net that held me, but whatever I tried I always ended up back at the same door. -Pierre Reverdy, The Glory of Words, 1953; trans. by Andrew McCulloch, 2011Men have so far treated women like birds who had strayed to them from some height: wil der, stranger, sweeter, and more soulfulbut as something one has to lock up lest it fly away. -Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil Youre a woman after my own heart. Tougher than wagon leather, smarter than spit, and colder than January. -Clark Cable as Dan Kehoe in The King and Four Queens, 1956After a second of shock he had recognized Edgar Demarnay. They had not met for several years. An Edgar grown fatter and grosser and older, but Edgar still, with his big pink boys face and his fat lips and his copious short fluffy hair now pale grey instead of pale gold. -Iris Murdoch, The Sacred and Profane Love Machine, 1974 Comparative Forms There are a few irregular comparative forms, for example good ~ better, bad ~ worse, little ~ less, many/much ~ more, far ~ further. Regular one-syllable gradable adjectives and adverbs form their comparative by adding -(e)r, but for most adjectives and adverbs of more than one syllable it is necessary to add the preceding adverb more (or less for a comparison in the opposite direction), for example more careful, more slowly, less natural. The comparative forms make a series with the base (uninflected) and superlative forms. -Geoffrey Leech, A Glossary of English Grammar. Edinburgh University Press, 2006  Take some more tea, the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.Ive had nothing yet, Alice replied in an offended tone, so I cant take more.You mean you cant take less, said the Hatter: its very easy to take more than nothing. -Lewis Carroll, Alices Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, 1865A man is usually more careful of his money than he is of his principles. -Ralph Waldo Emerson A solitary, unused to speaking of what he sees and feels, has mental experiences which are at once more intense and less articulate than those of a gregarious man. -Thomas MannNothing wilts faster than laurels that have been rested upon. -Carl RowanThe trouble about trying to make yourself stupider than you really are is that you very often succeed. -C. S. LewisIt is easier to live through someone else than to become complete yourself. -Betty FriedanIt is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt. -Mark Twain Correlative Forms The constructions formed by the more . . . the more (or -er . . . -er), the less . . . the less, the more . . . the less can be used correlatively to indicate a progressive increase, or decrease, of the quality or process described. Both adjectives and adverbs can occur in the construction: The bigger they are, the harder they fall, dont they? (adj-adv) [BNC KBB 4742]The sooner you forget the whole incident, the better. (adv-adv)Its funny, the more painting you do, the more you realise you dont know. [BNC CCO 344]The more closely I look at the problem, the less clearly I see a solution.(adv-adv) -Angela Downing and Philip Locke, English Grammar: A University Course. Routledge, 2006The more original a discovery, the more obvious it seems afterward. -Arthur Koestler The Lighter Side of Comparatives When Im good, Im very good, but when Im bad, Im better. -Mae West to Cary Grant in Im No Angel, 1933)[W]e did learn some important life lessons from sports. I learned, for example, that even though I was not as big, or fast, or strong, or coordinated as the other kids, if I worked really hardif I gave 100 percent and never quit- I would still be smaller, slower, weaker, and less coordinated than the other kids. -Dave Barry, Ill Mature When Im Dead. Berkley, 2010In one of his shows, [Jack Benny] and his guest star Vincent Price drank some freshly brewed coffee. After savoring a sip, Benny announced, This is the better coffee I ever tasted.Price snapped, You mean the best coffee!Benny snapped back, Theres only two of us drinking it! -Ken Tucker, Kissing Bill OReilly, Roasting Miss Piggy: 100 Things to Love and Hate About TV. Macmillan, 2005Creamy Jif is peanuttier than any other leading creamy brand. Choosy moms choose Jif. -Advertisement for Jif peanut butter, Parents magazine, 2002) He had been looking like a dead fish. He now looked like a deader fish, one of last years, cast up on some lonely beach and left there at the mercy of the wind and tides. -P.G. Wodehouse, Right Ho, Jeeves, 1934 Pronunciation: kom-PAR-a-tiv

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hospitality Management - Essay Example Human resource department has to go an extra mile by offering effective services to the employees if an organization has to succeed. Competition in the hospitality industry especially in the UK make the human resource department of an organization to evaluate modalities, which it would use to win employees interest to service, they offer. The hotel commands a large workforce, which caters for clients who visit the hotel. Clients in the hospitality industry are sensitive to response their get from the hotels. This consideration influences the ability of human resources department to conduct its labour sourcing effectively or it would risks loosing clients. The paper analyses the strengths and weakness of human resource management of Parkes hotel. Human resource management is very essential in hospitality industry. Definition given to HRM suites the purpose it serves in the organizations. Perkes hotel boosts of its workforce that has demonstrated high ability of responding to the clien ts of the hotel. Its means that the core functions of the human resource department of the hotel are perfect. The functions include attracting, training, selecting, rewarding and assessment of employees, while providing leadership that complies with the existing labour laws (Landsbergis, 2009:2). HRM functions in Perkes hotel thus offers liaison with representatives from labour unions. The strength of the human resource department would translate to success of the organization. Perkes hotel has demonstrated to its employees that its recruitment process is effective. Many organizations find recruitment process as a daunting task because of failure to identify the right labour. The organization announces its vacancies through the organisation website. Many interested individuals find time to go through the required qualification before submitting their application. The recruitment process is usually competitive enabling the organisation to source for the right employees. Employee†™s treatment is crucial factor because it influences the work out put of an employee. Perkes hotel has been able to identify this factor as one of its strengths. The organisation has designed mechanism of ensures good treatment to its employees. Working hours is a factor that influences employee satisfaction. The organisation has designed flexible working hours for its employee in accordance with the labour laws (Landsbergis, 2009:6). Many employees of the organisation feel that their working condition is satisfactory. Working condition affects employee relation because it defines the attitude the employee would develop towards work. Adherence to the existing laws is important because it helps the organisation to achieve the desired results. For instance, sometimes the organisation faces the challenge of many customers during high seasons necessitating long working hours for the employees. The organisation has been able handle this challenge effectively by introducing work schedul e and overtime ratings, which acts as motivations to the employees. The overtime ratings pay employees for the extra service they offer to the organisation. Rewarding employees for extra performance is a common feature with this organisation. The HRM department usually conduct survey in various department of the organisation to identify exemplary performance. Once identified the organisation would offer reward that commensurate to the amount of effort

Support children with additional needs in a Early years setting Essay

Support children with additional needs in a Early years setting - Essay Example In some cases, the persons use audio materials like an audio book to facilitate fast understanding of information. The main aspect chosen is derived from the symptoms of dyslexia. The major symptom analysed was learning difficulty. The underlying assumptions about the character, pervasiveness and materialization of the condition were considered (Reid, 2011). The manifestations characterizing dyslexia supported in the research in relation to reading and learning difficulties were as follows: the reading disability included categorical difficulties with reading speeds and understanding levels. The other aspect included spelling difficulties that further influences reading glibness and written expression. Dyslexia may occur in segregation or may overlap widely in persons with reading problem. The condition quite often exists in persons with abilities, talents and gifts that enable them thrive in many realms. The affected persons portray problems with attention and memory, which makes it difficult to develop intellectually (Reid, 2011). The most probable approach in dealing with the condition is early detection. People with the condition can be assisted, regardless of age (Shaywitz, 2008). The treatment of the condition is the responsibility of all teachers and support personnel in any academic institution. The patients deserve sufficient instruction and guidance in regular classrooms and through other involvement programs. Dyslexia patients require the love and understanding of the people around them in order to boost their self-worth (Reid, 2011). The children should not be alienated on the grounds of class performance because they are always very gifted in other areas beyond classroom. In the class, it is important to check if the child correctly writes down exactly what is required in the homework (Shaywitz, 2008). All academic work should be written down and not verbally, to help

Marketing services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing services - Essay Example According to the management, the firm has a focus on satisfying the needs of consumers, with the aim of providing comfort, safety and protection and achieving market leadership in all parts of Switzerland. Security is an important issue, and each member is checked for a postal address. The transactions are insured with an insurance charge and there is encryption of user data. Members enjoy a modern, simple and secure website. Members can avail a six-language customer service by phone during office hours, and on all days via e-mail. The management has emphasized that one of the aims of the firm is to make services affordable for all people, and the firm strives to offer its members a high quality of services at minimal fees. Partnerships include major Swiss websites such as www.bluewin.ch; www.romandie.com; www.ticinonline.ch, and ch.msn.com. There are over 5000 affiliate advertisers. The management team includes Heiner Kroke as CEO, Eveline Duschletta as Head of Customer Service, Christian Kunzler as Director of Finance and Controlling, and Luke Thoma as Head of Marketing and Communications. The portal has been successful for over ten years and is the largest and most popular eCommerce site in Switzerland. The site is listed at number three behind Google and Facebook in Switzerland. The success of the firm can be attributed to ease of use, optimal pricing, performance and safety. Safety lies at the heart of the Ricardo.ch site. This is in sync with the needs of 84 percent of users who place safety at the top of online shopping (Ricardo.ch, 2010). One of the services from Ricardo.ch is shops from particular areas. Shops provide over 2.5 M products continuously at a fixed price. Products can be inserted and purchased comfortably on Ricardo.ch. Shop articles can be found by selecting search category and entering the search term. Well known shops have

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

International Finance - Essay Example The first section highlights how General Electric suffered adversely because of the 2011 crisis in Japan that involved an earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear radiation. The second section of the paper involves calculations on covered interest arbitrage in order to investigate the amount of profit achieved and the amount of loss achieved by a corporate foreign investor.This paper stresses that The common characteristics of multinational enterprises include huge capital outlay, which contribute to the massive investments usually made by the MNEs. MNEs also have wide market presence in form of retail stores in numerous countries or subsidiary companies in numerous countries, a big workforce, and huge sales volume because of the wide market presence, wide and highly decentralized organisational structure. Lastly, MNEs have cultural diversity within their organisational setting. General Electric decides to venture into Japan through other subsidiaries such as Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy Limite d because of the country’s robust economy, which is ranked third Worldwide in terms of gross domestic product after the United States and China. This essay has identified that for a foreign company to decide to venture into another local market or country, the local market has to be endowed with various factors that make it a conducive business environment. Such an environment is most likely to favour the business operations of the foreign company, give it an opportunity to growth further, and increase it profitability level.

Look at the Assignment Criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Look at the Assignment Criteria - Essay Example The philosophies and principles that form the basis of Islamic banking have been detailed in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad. Islamic banking is seen as the revival of Islam. This is also taken as an expression of the Muslims to live on the principles of Islam. In Malaysia, there is a separate legislation governing the Islamic banks and these co-exist with the traditional banks. The Islamic Banking Act of 1983 vested the powers in the BNM to ensure that the Islamic banks worked under regulation. Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) was the first Islamic bank to be established in 1983 and they adhere to the principles as stated in the sharia. (PKUKM, n.d.). By 1992 BIMB spread out all over the country. Very soon it developed a network of 80 branches with 1200 people working in them. Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad (BMMB), the second Islamic bank, came into existence following the merger of Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Berhad (BBMB) with Bank of Commerce (Malaysia) Berhad (BOCB ). The Islamic banking system can be viable if it fulfills there vital requirements. The number of players in the banking system should be large; they should offer a wide range of financial and banking instruments. Besides, there should be an active Islamic money market (PKUKM, n.d.). In addition, the Islamic banking system should have the characteristics of Islam and work under those principles. BNM played the lead role in disseminating Islamic banking at the national level so that it could reach all Malaysians. The commercial banks too were encouraged to promote Islamic banking products and services from their existing infra structure and branches. This increased the number of institutions that offered Islamic banking products and services within the shortest time and minimum costs. Under the scheme known as "Skim Perbankan Tanpa Faedah" BNM further enhanced the promotion of Islamic banking. The Islamic banks or the

Consumer Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Consumer Behavior - Assignment Example Many individuals have convictions that the theory not only provides the platform for individual performance but also for the success of the businesses. The theory illuminates that people or human needs can be faceted using five sets. The existence of these needs is in a particular order of which if one is fulfilled, the desire to fulfill the next one crop up. The first need encompasses the basic needs that aid in the functioning of the body. The examples of such need are activities such as eating, drinking et cetera. At times, the sexual needs are usually category. The next need entails the deep inherent desire to be secure and safe. Security in this context refers to having the knowledge that those basic are to be fulfilled in future. The third needs involve the need for love, company or friendship. Humans tend to forget that once they had forgotten that they were hungry in the past, they cared little about love. The immediate subsequent stage consists of the social needs (Kremer & Hammond, 2014). The social needs may involve the need for an individual to belong in the highest status, social recognition, and the need for respect. In the last set of the needs is the self-actualization need. Maslow’s initial work did not entail the used of either triangle or pyramid to represents the human motivational needs. However, the contemporary Maslow’s needs have the illustration of the needs in a pyramid format where the preferential order of the needs begins at the pyramid’s based to the top. In the management approach the needs were as follows: the physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self actualization needs. Managers often use the model to identify the employees’ needs with the aim of aiding them to fulfill the needs. These needs are so essential in the life of individuals that if not met, makes it difficult to move up the pyramid. In the physiological needs, the basic needs hotels can offer are in

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

International Finance - Essay Example The first section highlights how General Electric suffered adversely because of the 2011 crisis in Japan that involved an earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear radiation. The second section of the paper involves calculations on covered interest arbitrage in order to investigate the amount of profit achieved and the amount of loss achieved by a corporate foreign investor.This paper stresses that The common characteristics of multinational enterprises include huge capital outlay, which contribute to the massive investments usually made by the MNEs. MNEs also have wide market presence in form of retail stores in numerous countries or subsidiary companies in numerous countries, a big workforce, and huge sales volume because of the wide market presence, wide and highly decentralized organisational structure. Lastly, MNEs have cultural diversity within their organisational setting. General Electric decides to venture into Japan through other subsidiaries such as Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy Limite d because of the country’s robust economy, which is ranked third Worldwide in terms of gross domestic product after the United States and China. This essay has identified that for a foreign company to decide to venture into another local market or country, the local market has to be endowed with various factors that make it a conducive business environment. Such an environment is most likely to favour the business operations of the foreign company, give it an opportunity to growth further, and increase it profitability level.

Consumer Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Consumer Behavior - Assignment Example Many individuals have convictions that the theory not only provides the platform for individual performance but also for the success of the businesses. The theory illuminates that people or human needs can be faceted using five sets. The existence of these needs is in a particular order of which if one is fulfilled, the desire to fulfill the next one crop up. The first need encompasses the basic needs that aid in the functioning of the body. The examples of such need are activities such as eating, drinking et cetera. At times, the sexual needs are usually category. The next need entails the deep inherent desire to be secure and safe. Security in this context refers to having the knowledge that those basic are to be fulfilled in future. The third needs involve the need for love, company or friendship. Humans tend to forget that once they had forgotten that they were hungry in the past, they cared little about love. The immediate subsequent stage consists of the social needs (Kremer & Hammond, 2014). The social needs may involve the need for an individual to belong in the highest status, social recognition, and the need for respect. In the last set of the needs is the self-actualization need. Maslow’s initial work did not entail the used of either triangle or pyramid to represents the human motivational needs. However, the contemporary Maslow’s needs have the illustration of the needs in a pyramid format where the preferential order of the needs begins at the pyramid’s based to the top. In the management approach the needs were as follows: the physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self actualization needs. Managers often use the model to identify the employees’ needs with the aim of aiding them to fulfill the needs. These needs are so essential in the life of individuals that if not met, makes it difficult to move up the pyramid. In the physiological needs, the basic needs hotels can offer are in

Apple and Child Labor Essay Example for Free

Apple and Child Labor Essay Children and teenagers everyday are put into child labor, to make money for their families or pay back what their families borrowed. In this paper I will examine child labor around the world and why children need to be able to live without being put under such stress and poor living circumstances. I will also be talking about how child labor is involved in some electronic companies like Samsung and Foxconn. Lastly, I will be talking about what most people don’t know; within the last couple years the world’s most known electronic company; Apple, Inc. has been one of the guiltiest culprits of child labor and of poisoning their employee’s. Child labor is known all over the world, and we need to put a stop to it now! Although child labor is illegal in many countries, many children under the age of twelve still are employed in these harsh work forces. Many under age employees are employed by using a fake identification (Thompson). By using a fake identification, children or teenagers can be mistaken for an adult. If the employer says or provides an identification that shows he is age eligible and they accept him for the job, no one would know any different. It is not in the hands of the hiring company to know that the employer is using a fake identification. Children and teenagers are not getting fake identifications and working in these factories for no reason. They are to pay back the money that their family has borrowed from others, or the lack of ability to get an education. Child labor could be caused by problems in the family, with health, or lack of food, money, or water. Multiple governments around the world look the other way. Child labor is illegal but some governments do not punish the companies or groups that use child labor. Child labor is very cruel to the children. Governments and rulers around the world insist that if adults of a family borrow money, the family has to pay it back no matter what, even if it means selling their crops for money or putting their children into the work force. Due to the fact that children and teenagers are working at such a young age, the children are committing suicide and other self-harms. This should not be happening; young adults committing suicide because they are so stressed or they do not want to work at these companies but also because they are being accused of stealing products. For example, one of Apple’s suppliers, Foxconn, accused one of their employees of stealing an iPhone prototype. The employee would not dare to steal an iPhone and would not have done such a thing to get himself in trouble. The possibilities of his pay being withheld and being physically punished was very high for the employee. As a result he killed himself; he did not want to be under the large amount of stress added to the amount that he already had (Usher). This occurs in a lot of work forces, where the employees get so stressed and out of control that they cannot bare to live anymore; it happens especially in electronic factories in Asia. Many people think of child labor being associated with clothing, furniture, or toys, but in reality it’s not. Child labor is known in every industry. One industry that we all use is the electronic industry. Child labor is used in the electronic industry in a big way, not as much as clothing or furniture, but close to it. The Apple IPAD tablet you are holding in your hand, the Apple T.V media portal you are watching shows off of each night, the Apple Iphone you just used to call or text your friend, are all made with the help of child labour. Apple’s major provider Foxconn, has been proven to have employees under the age of Twelve (Usher). Foxconn’s manufacturing plants in Asia have admitted to having child employees that have been poisoned, and some have committed suicide (Usher). This is a situation Apple has a difficult time controlling. The use of child labor in the electronic industry should not be happening at all. It should not be happening in any industry period. Child Labour has been used to try and sabotage the success of certain companies. Samsung was accused of having workers under the age of twelve working in their factories [Thompson]. Samsung has denied the fact that they have underage workers. The rumor was created by RIM (Blackberry) to sabotage Samsung and gain an advantage in the marketplace. Samsung does not have employees under the age of twelve working for them. The name Steve Jobs brings so many amazing thoughts into your head, how he was the co-founder of the largest high tech companies in the wold, the go to guy and CEO of Apple, a multi-billionaire, and philanthropist (In Your Face Radio). Steve Jobs was an amazing man, but in realty he was just like a lot of other top executives, which get carried away with their money and make some bad decisions (In Your Face Radio). Many people think that Jobs was the one who started exploiting children in the business. It was said that Steve Jobs that created the child labor issues in the business because he lost focus and innovation in what he was doing, lost control of his factories and caused such a dilemma in the industry that almost broke the company’s reputation. (Does Steve). Apple’s factory, Foxconn, has been caught with having 164 children in total working in many different factories around the world. (Clarke and Williams). Foxconn has been caught poisoning their employees with n-hexane, and have also been caught for abusing their workers. Tim Costello led a study in Taiwan, and went into to Foxconn and created a report based on the workers lives in Foxconn. The study showed that the company was abusing their employees by â€Å"corporal violence† (Myslewski). Now this is in Foxconn’s factories where they make the parts for the Apple devices. Foxconn has fully admitted to all of the above. The major part of Apple’s manufacturing that is using child labor is Foxconn. As I said earlier Foxconn is the company with over 164 children working in its factory, they have been caught abusing and poisoning their employees. Foxconn is relied upon a lot by Apple. By being caught employing children to manufacture components, has caused an upset within Apple, and the ability to reply on Foxconn has come into question. Apple is an amazing company; however we need to know more about what goes on behind the closed doors within their manufacturing plants and their manufacturing partners facilities. In my opinion Apple is guilty in this situation of child labor. Personally I will continue to use Apple’s products because I believe Foxconn needs to organize their company and other factories that Apple is associated with or Apple needs to find another supplier. In order to fix the crisis of child labor I think that there should be a worldwide legal age to work and which each government must implement. This will decrease the young aged employees that work in countries like India, China, Japan, Pakistan, and many more. Due to there being no worldwide legal working age, problems like child labor occur. Child labor needs to stop, and companies like Apple can lead the way to change just like they have led the way in technology.

Effect Of Arab Spring On Arab Countries

Effect Of Arab Spring On Arab Countries The 18th and 19th century witnessed the colonisation of majority of Arab countries. The discovery of oil in Persia in 1908 subsequently in Saudi Arabia in 1938 has been one of the significant development in the Arab world. France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy. Though most of these states gained independence in the 1950s and 1960s, but the region has traditionally been characterized by dictators, hereditary monarchies, long serving military regimes and autocrats. These forms of rule deprived these countries from the winds of change . 11. The Arab countries are mostly deprived of Human Rights,lack of freedom of public opinion and expression, fear of regimes, corruption, favouritism and nepotism. Transparency has receded giving way to all sorts of malpractices and misuse of power. All this led to economic degradation and a fall in national income in most of the Arab countries during the past 60 years. 2 The main reasons for Arab Spring in mostly affected countries are as under:- (a) Tunisia. The revolution was sparked by a youth setting himself ablaze due to poverty and the resultant confrontation with security forces. (b) Egypt. The movement was a call for better economic conditions and opposition to inheritance of power. (c) Libya It was against suppression and the rule of one man without any political institutions. (d) Yemen. it was against the dictatorship of one man and his tribe. (e) Syria. It was against family and sectarian dictatorship. 3. Though this revolution was triggered by different factors specific to their own unique socio-economic and political structures but they have one unifying factor that they have been all youth-led movements. 2. However the roots of the Arab Spring lay in the following factors:- (a) An entrenched dictatorship/autocracy/monarchy vs the peoples desire for freedom and democracy. (b) Widespread corruption on the part of the ruling elite. Frequent violation of human rights and brutal repression by the national security force. The rich poor divide getting wider. High cost of living that was constantly on the rise and low income. Lack of adequate job opportunities and the high rate of unemployment among the educated youth. Rejection of the idea of the inheritance of presidency. Social network media namely, facebook and twitter ,which served to rally the youth. 3. There has been a monarchical exception in the Arab Spring which makes one believe that monarchies could be more resilient during popular unrest. With the exception of Bahrain to an extent , other monarchies were not seriously affected. Arab Spring has brought to fore the role of monarchy in regime stability also. 2. The Arab Spring has altered the politics in the Arab world by bringing new political forces. The Islamists have emerged as political parties in Egypt and Tunisia. It can concluded that Islamists have been the real gainers of the undergoing socio-political transformation. Tunisia 2. In Tunisia, the formulation of a new constitution is by now under way after the termination of election for the Constituent Assembly in October 2011. Tunisia also witnessed the arrival of the Islamists in the power struggle after decades of alienation by Ben Ali. Tunisia was the first country to observe regime change when the Islamic An-Nahda party won the majority of votes. Hamadi Jebali, Secretary General of An-Nahda, is the new Prime Minister and the Islamic party is presently working in close alliance with Progressive Democratic Party. Though at present their roadmap is devoid of any Islamic rhetoric, it is concentrating more on the model of civic governance. The biggest challenge to Tunisian democracy is likely to be from the Salfists who represent the Islamic fundamentalists. Egypt 2. The Freedom and Justice Party, a political arm of Muslim Brotherhood ,has made a clean sweep in the Parliamentary elections,but the liberals failed to make an impact in the first ever fair election. The departure of the army from the helm of the affairs also brings to an end to the era of ruler-army nexus in Egypt. It is not only Muslim Brotherhood which gained ground, but there other Islamic groups like the Salafists have also risen to a considerable position and are dominating national politics. So far, the Islamists have adopted the strategy of adjustment . The surfacing of several liberal parties like Third Current, Free Egyptian Party, Egyptian Social Democratic Party and the Tagammu Party is a positive sign and signals evolution of a multi-party system which had been absent for decades. Presently Mohamed Morsi has been elected as the new president in June 2012 but he has grabbed unbridled power for himself , which has led to violent outburst from the masses in the country. Libya 2. The departure of Colonel Gaddafi after the involvement of the NATO set the stage for democratic practice in the country. In July, 2012, the election was held for the General National Congress, the first democratic election in Libya in half a century. In contrast to Egypt and Tunisia, in the Libyan election, liberal forces won the elections. The poor show of the Islamists may be accredited to the time-honored Sufi character of Libyan Islam and peoples non- proclivity towards Islamic brand of politics. In addition, during Gaddafis regime, most of Islamist never surfaced and were aslo not organised like Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt or An-Nahda of Tunisia. 3. The democratic process in Libya has been unsuccessful in bringing about the political solidity such as the one in Egypt or Tunisia. The country has turned out to be more delicate and vulnerable. It is also the tribal character of society in Libya that is causing disintegration and disorder of the social fabrics. Libyan society is now both horizontally and vertically disjointed and neo-tribalism has replaced the old national uniqueness and loyalty. Morocco 3. Political concessions approved by King Mohammed VI led to referendum on constitutional reforms. In dissimilarity with protesters in other countries, the Moroccans who initiated the Feb 20 movement for transformation have not voiced for the kings overthrow. Instead, their focal point has been on significant constitutional reforms, which restricts the powers of the king and consolidates the theory of separation of powers. The demonstrations right through the country have been generally peaceful and free of violent expression. 2. Similarly, in the recent elections too, the Islamist won the majority of seats and the King designated Abdelilah Benkirane, an Islamist figure, as Prime Minister. The delicate balance is to be seen between the monarchy and the new Islamists forces, and how they are adjusted in national politics. The King has by now initiated a major political reform capable of empowerment of the people. Syria 4. The Syrian National Council an opposition government formed in exile has not been recognized by the Western Arab nations due to the councils internal divisions. Syria was expelled from the Arab League after it agreed to a peace plan only to step up attacks on protesters. In late 2011 and early 2012, Syria agreed to allow league observers into the country but their presence did nothing to slow the violence. In February 2012, the United Nations General Assembly voted overwhelmingly to approve a resolution condemning President Assads unbridled crackdown on the uprising, but China and Russia, Syrias traditional patrons, blocked all efforts for stronger Security Council action. Iran, Syrias closest ally in the region, also doubled down on its support for Mr. Assad. The conflict is becoming more radicalized, homegrown Muslim jihadists, as well as small groups of fighters from Al Qaeda, have been taking a more prominent role and demanding a say in running the resistance. Recent months h ave witnessed the emergence of larger, more organized and better armed Syrian militant organizations pushing an agenda based on jihad. As the conflict has continued without resolution, the Assad regime has lost many key players, as growing numbers of high-ranking government and military officials have defected. In early August 2012, President Assad fired his prime minister, RiyadFarid Hijab who defected to neighboring Jordan. Days after Mr Hijabs defection, Mr Assad appointed a new prime minister, Wael Nader al-Halqi. 2. Except for Syria, nearly each country affected by the Arab Spring is steadily moving towards some sort of stability. The bloodiest upshot of the Arab Spring has been the incessant war in Syria. Syria is subject to Sunni-Alawite conflict but the Arab Spring has aggravated the crisis. The continuing civil war between Free Syrian Army, the main umbrella group for fighters the Syrian Army has resulted in the death of more than 30,000 people. By September 2012, 2,34,000 Syrian refugees had registered in neighboring countries about half of whom left during August.The end of continuing unrest is nowhere in sight  [1]  . The violent clashes between the regime and the rebels reflect the deep hatred between the Sunni majority and the ruling Alwite minority. Syrian civil war has all the potential to become the scene of an international conflict. So far, no endeavor, including the U.N.-Arab League Mission led by Kofi Annan, could contain this strife. Even the new U.N.-Arab League envoy to Syria, Lakhdar Brahimi confessed that he was not certain that he would be able to end the conflict. Yemen 5. President Saleh signed the GCC sponsored peace process on 23 Nov 11, in which he agreed to step down and set the stage for transfer of power to his vice president.A presidential election was held on 21 Feb 12 in which AbdRabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi (the only candidate) won 99.8% of vote. The new president has been mandated to lead a two year political transition process including a fully inclusive National Dialogue, constitutional electoral reforms ending with full Presidential Parliamentary elections in 2014  [2]  .In addition monetary assistance has been received from World Bank to improve the economic condition. The developments as of now put an end to more than 12 months of violence civil unrest across Yemen. 2. After the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) mediated an agreement between the opposition groups and President Abdullah Saleh to leave the Presidentship, Yemen underwent the Presidential election in February 2012 and acting President Abd Rabbuh Mansur al-Hadi won 99.8% of vote and was was elected as the President. But the elections have failed to amalgamate a society that is divided by cultural and tribal loyalties. The Houthis, an insurgent Shiite group, boycotted the elections which reflects the political division in Yemen and leaves enough room for trouble in future. In addition new governance could not rein in the new resurgent groups operating in the name of north-south and sectarian entity. Bahrain 5. Bahrains political arrangement has been unable to keep tempo with demands for representation for the majority Shia population and has almost responded to unrest with an iron fist  [3]  . King Hamad did attempt to provide some amount of economic concession by giving out financial relief to each Bahraini family also initiated judicial, security economic measures. However as per Amnesty report, these reforms appear to have scratched the surface as human rights crisis still continue  [4]  .During the unrest, the old sectarian fault lines between Shiites and Sunnis surfaced. To soothe anti-government protestors, the King dismissed several cabinet ministers and pardoned political prisoners, including the Shia opposition leader Hassan Mushaimaa, who had been in exile in Lebanon. 2. The condition in Bahrain can be seen in similarity to that in Syria where minority Sunnis rule over majority Shiites. It was GCC under the direction of Saudi Arabia which suppressed the revolt in Bahrain. Besides, Bahrain has also turned out to be a battle ground of power between Iran and Saudi Arabia.. 2. The situation at hand appears to be calm but one cannot rule out the likelihood of repetition in the near future because of the unpredictable nature of the region. Furthermore, Iran may endeavor to capitalise on the amplified sectarian tension. Jordan 5. Subsequent to the initial protest the government upturned the rise in fuel prices, but protestors still persisted with their demands for reforms. The King in an attempt to soothe the masses have dismissed three prime ministers from the time when the of Arab Spring started, finally paving way for Fayez al- Tarawneh to head the cabinet to deliver reform agenda  [5]  . Frequent and small scale protests and turmoil still continues in Jordan to keep the system off balance. Saudi Arabia 5. Saudi Arabia is also transiting through low level sectarian conflict. The Shiite minority in the eastern part is making recurrent protests seeking rights and freedom. The king dolled out economic concessions in the form of US $ 130 billion. Subsequently Municipal elections were held in Sep 2011. Reforms were also initiated for womens participation in municipal election in 2015 and for their nomination to Consultative Assembly. Oman 6. Political reforms were announced in reaction to the spate of protests. The most noteworthy reforms include the granting of Consultative Council (Majilis) of Oman ample legislative and audit powers  [6]  . Sultan Qaboos reorganized the Council of Ministers and replaced three top administration officials. A new body was also shaped to manage the countrys economy while Sultan Qaboos promised extra 50,000 jobs  [7]  . The generally affirmative Omani views of Sultan Qaboos, attached with the economic and supplementary political reform measures caused the unrest to subside. Kuwait 5. As a consequence of the protests that demanded political transparency and a clamp down on corruption within the government, the Prime Minister Sheikh Nasser Al Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah, resigned on 29 Nov 2011. The government used financial generosity like budgets laden with subsidies and salary increases as well as used oppressive measures in terms of imprisonment which kept the public display of dissent relatively restricted. As Kuwait is a relatively wealthy society where it appears that most citizens do not want to risk their economic wellbeing to bring the downfall of Al Sabah rule  [8]  . 2. From the events as it unfolds in Arab world ,it can be generalized that the historic phenomenon of Arab Spring reflects the following which has wide implications for non- Arab countries also :- (a) The deep structural malisie of Arab society in general. (b) The democratic aspiration of the marginalised section of Arab society, particularly the youth, for a dignified livelihood, a kind of social, economic and political reform that ensures respect for individual identity, dignity and social equity. (c) The inspiration for this movement is deeply Arab-Islamic, rather than tradition of western democracy and therefore eventhough the movement aspires for democratic space but it does not necessarity imagine this democractic space in terms of western democratic values and principles. (d) It is the rainbow of multiple ideological currents vis islamism, nationalism, tribalism, sectarism and localism with each competing with each other for representation in future power-arrangement but also uniting for loosely defined national purpose against external challanges. (e) The movement is likely to have long term implication for the stability and security of the region. (f) The relatively peaceful, leaderless, unorganised but having mass element only reienforces the notion that people remains the motor of wider social and political changes and in the process totally delegitimise the violence-prone politics and discourses of radical/militant Islamic organisations in the name of islamic transformation of Muslim societies.

I Went to College :: Personal Narrative Essays

Narrative - I Went to College "Well, wish her good luck for me." I said. "Oh. It's none of it luck. She's got the Lord's blessing, and she's all right with that. There's no luck involved." I muttered a reply and walked away. Grandmothers. You just can't say anything to shake their confidence in their grandchildren. This one was trying to get to band camp by selling her artwork. It was clearly work by a fourteen-year-old, but it showed talent and promise. At five dollars a print, it wasn't too expensive. Of course, I can get a print of Escher for five dollars. She clearly likes flowers, that's for sure. She must have painted these in art class; there is a definite progression in her skill. The lumpily-colored frog looks pretty sad, but the lighthouse painting displays detail and careful effort in the lighting. Oh. there's her picture. Nice smile. This average-looking fourteen year old girl expects to pay for band camp by selling five dollar prints of amateur artwork. Wow. They were out of prints of several paintings already. If I wanted one that wasn't in the box, I could special order one. Five dollars. She plays multiple band instruments, with names Grandma doesn't remember. Talent and promise. I know what those are. I once showed talent and promise, back when I was fourteen. I played the trumpet, but I never went to band camp. I was too busy cultivating my stage magic and juggling skills, showing first hints of competence in computer programming, and letting go of my obesity through rigorous physical exercise. I wonder what my Grandma said back then. There was a time that I said "opportunity is my currency." Although I started out at a hardware store, I picked up a few programming jobs, started an Internet publication, and began and independent consultant programming job. Talent was my middle name, and Promise was the name of the pen I signed it with. I was going to live comfortably, maybe even have enough money to help my brother out; his medical costs are very high. I joined a local community band. She wants to become a forensic scientist. There you go, folks. Kids watch a television show about forensic scientists, and suddenly everyone wants to lead the exciting life of sorting through the physical remains of dead people and writing reports about it. On the other hand, maybe she can use her future skills to figure out what ever happened to me; by the time she graduates, I might well be dead.

Managed Health Care Issues Essay -- Health Care, Utilization Managemen

When one examines managed health care and the hospitals that provide the care, a degree of variation is found in the treatment and care of their patients. This variation can be between hospitals or even between physicians within a health care network. For managed care companies the variation may be beneficial. This may provide them with opportunities to save money when it comes to paying for their policy holder’s care, however this large variation may also be detrimental to the insurance company. This would fall into the category of management of utilization, if hospitals and managed care organizations can control treatment utilization, they can control premium costs for both themselves and their customers (Rodwin 1996). If health care organizations can implement prevention as a way to warrant good health with their consumers, insurance companies can also illuminate unnecessary health care. These are just a few examples of how the health care industry can help benefit their patients, but that does not mean every issue involving physician over utilization or quality of care is erased because there is a management mechanism set in place. With the high degree of variations in health care, patients can be under or over treated or even treated with the wrong treatment for their illness. These unwarranted care techniques can be categorized into three different situations. The first category of unwarranted care is the use of evidence or lack thereof, based on other medical care. The way to explain this category is that a care plan for a patient is proven effective without any proof as to why. The example given by Kongstvedt (2007) is the use of beta blockers post heart attack. Beta blockers prove to be effective in nearly one h... ...rnational Journal for Quality in Health Care, 14(1), 5-13. Jacobson, P. (1999, July/August). Legal challenges to managed care cost containment programs: an intital assessment. Courts & Managed Care, 69-85. Kongstvedt, P. R. (2007). Essentials of managed health care. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett. McGlynn, E, Asch, S, Adams, J, Keesey, J, & Hicks, J. (2003). The quality of health care delivered to adults in the united states. The New England Journal of Medicine, 248(26), 2635-2645. Rodwin, M. (1996). Consumer protection and managed care: issues, reform proposals, and trade-offs. Houston Law Review, 32(1319), 1319-1381 Starfield, B, Cassady, C, Nanda, J, Forrest, C, & Berk, R. (1998). Consumer experiences and provider perceptions of the quality of primary care: implications for managed care. The Journal of Family Practice, 46(3), 216-226.

The Words

Right after Engineer Oscar Pascua finished his electrical engineering course at FEATI University in 1985, he was hired as an employee of the National Electrification Administration (NEA). He was assigned to handle jobs in the various units of NEA until his promotion to Chief Planning Officer in 1994. His main function was to supervise the planning activities of his unit. Three engineers and two other employees reported directly to him. His performance was rated very satisfactory.Engineer Pascua attended training sessions of various kinds including those for management. He finished his M. B. A. course in 1995. When the position of general manager of the Buena Vista Electric Cooperative, Inc. (BECI) became vacant in January 1996, he was nominated by NEA. He got the post in March 1996. Aware of the many problems basetting the cooperative, he immediately went to work. When Engineer Pascua called the key officers of the cooperative to a meeting, he was apprised of the following: 1.That he price of electricity charged to BECI’S customers is the fifth highest in the country. 2. That 25 percent of the electricity service provided by BECI is lost every month and cannot be accounted for; 3. Requisitions for supplies and materials are served after delays as long as three months. 4. Some employees of the cooperative do not report regularly for work; 5. The increasing amount of uncollected accounts. Three days after the meeting, he recommended to the board of the directors the following: 1.The dismissal from the service of employees not regularly reporting for work; 2. Salary increases of up to 20 percent for every employee on the payroll; 3. The hiring of eight additional employees; and 4. The formation of a team to investigate and recommend measures to minimize â€Å"system loss† All his recommendations were approved by the board, after which Engineer Pascua signed all the necessary memoranda to implement his programs. He made regular inspections of the acti vities of the various units of the cooperative.During the first week of March 1997, he convened the key officers for an evaluation of the past year’s activities. The following points were made clear to him: 1. No reduction in the price of electricity could be extended to BECI’s customer because no reduction in the overall cost of doing business was achieved. 2. Instead of reducing the 25 percent system loss, it even went up to 26 percent. 3. There was no improvement in the requisition of supplies and materials. Delays still reach three months.4.  There is a new set of employees who do not report regularly for work. 5. The amount of uncollected accounts increased from Php3. 8 to Php4. 2 million. Engineer Pascua concluded that in spite of the granting of salary increases requested by the rank and file, no subsequent improvement in services was registered. He is now considering more drastic measures but he is not sure if it is right thing to do. In addition, he is also aware that there are some employees who are qualified and dedicated to their jobs.

An Utopian Society

Utopian society where all your needs are taken care of by someone else sounds wonderful to many people. In a socialist society, everyone is taken care of, given a job, and the government handles the â€Å"business end† of things. Capitalism, on the other hand, is a very different society model where citizens are pushed to success by their own merit, production and prices are based on supply and demand, and business models are efficient. This sounds like a lot of work, but is better in the long run. While Socialism has some benefits, Capitalism is a greater system of society as it allows citizens more control in their own society. Most importantly, capitalism pushes citizens to create their own wealth through competition. You are what you choose to be. If you wish to own a business, you can. If you desire to make more money, you can. If you desire to gain further education or training to get out of a low level job, you can. In a capitalistic society, those who work hard move ahead. Those who desire to push themselves will reap the benefits they, themselves, have sown. In a socialist society, everyone works for the greater good. Even if it's not a particularly important job, you have one. The main idea behind socialism is equality – to lessen the gap between rich and poor. Then, some may say, that because of the competition-based mentality of capitalism, it creates an equality gap. This is true, there is a huge gap between those who are extremely successful and those who are barely scraping by. However, those at the bottom have the opportunity to become better – if they desire and have the drive to do so. Secondly, the two society models differ in who controls production of goods. In a socialist society, the government controls production of goods and also implements price controls. Because of this, you either pay the price for the item or do without – there is no searching for a lower price at a competitor. Again, it's the idea of being equal and fair. In a capitalistic society, production of goods is done by private businesses, not the government. Therefore, production of goods and their costs are based on a supply and demand system. This creates a greater possibility of wealth because if you produce a good product at a fair price, people will buy it. A downside that can arise in a capitalistic society is that of monopolies in business. To that we can refer back to the first idea of striving to be better (than your competitor). If there is a company that makes a product and they have a corner on the market that you're not happy with, simply create a better product or one at a better price. The opportunity is there for you to achieve in a capitalistic society. Lastly, since socialism and capitalism differ in how they produce goods, there is also a different mentality behind their production process. Capitalism is concerned with making the most profit, so business models are more efficient than those in a socialist society that are run by the government. Businesses in a capitalistic market are concerned with making as much profit as possible. Therefore, they will streamline their business practices so that they can produce the best product possible for the lowest price in order to increase their profit. Oftentimes in socialist societies, where the government controls production, there are no incentives to streamline business. You make the same amount of money, whether it takes you two days to create a product or a week. Some may say that the hunt for the almighty dollar in a capitalistic society causes businesses to cut corners or do sloppy work. This can certainly happen, however that business will find that their consumer base disappears if they are producing less than quality work. Which again, pushes us back to the first point of competition in a capitalist society. In the end, while socialism sounds like an idealistic society in which no one is poor, everyone has a job, and food in their stomachs, one will find there are many flaws to the system. Instead, a society based on capitalism is a far superior model because it creates a culture of competition to succeed and achieve, allows companies to create products based on demand and prices based on supply, and lastly keeps businesses streamlined and efficient. While there are obvious possible downfalls to this type of society, it is still a superior option to a society in which you are told what you will be, have no opportunities to change that, and everything is controlled by the government.

Choosing Technology to Meet a Need Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choosing Technology to Meet a Need - Assignment Example Its adaptations and applications may open doors to the previously inaccessible learning opportunities for numerous children with special needs. In addition, assistive technology supports both remedial and compensatory needs of the student. Tablets, computers, and handheld devices may be very helpful for students with disabilities since they reduce the stress stimuli and cut out distractions improving the student’s academic performance. The technology device will enhance or replace speech for those people with various disabilities in the understanding as well as production of written or spoken language. Chat Box by Unitech is a portable communication device which can be utilized to speak to messages either by means of an optional switch for scanning or pressing buttons on the keyboard. The device can store more than 10 minutes of recorded messages that are stored in four separate overlays. It is portable since it weighs 1.5 lbs. Design: Has the largest display compared to any other chat integrated communication device. 10.1 inch capacitative screen, NOVA chat editor, single along with switch scanning, updated userinterface, and Ivona synthesized speech Of all the Chat communicative devices NOVA chat 10 has the largest screen display (Jackson, 2009). It also offers well known Chat software on an Android platform including MultiChat 15, MultiChat 24, and ChatPower 24. Due to its lightweight the device is very portable for ambulatory users and can also be mounted on wheelchair users. The device has a 10.1† display, and the 4GB RAM allows proper functioning of the Ivona speech synthesizer, switch scanning, and numerous other features that can assist the students in improving their spoken and written language. The device runs on a lightening fast Intel ® Coreâ„ ¢ i7  processor offering a consistent motor pattern for words as

Violence against women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Violence against women - Essay Example Domestic violence against women reaches all the socioeconomic levels. Poverty, education background as well as culture and religion have contributed largely to cases of domestic violence against women in different parts of the world (Peter et al, 446). There is an urgent need for a clear solution to this social problem and create an environment where both men and women respect each other and shun any forms of violence. This essay examines various literature detailing cases of domestic violence against women from various parts of the world in a bid to showcase the magnitude of the problem and provide solutions based on the cases studied. The essay will also attempt to give an overview of the policies, rules and regulations enacted in various jurisdictions to cub the problem of domestic violence against women. A historical perspective of domestic violence against women can be traced back to the 20th century with the emergence of women’s movements aimed at bringing issues affecting women to the forefront in the context of feminism and women’s rights (Peter et al, 455). Attention was drawn towards the concern of the wives being beaten by their husbands. The political agitations occurring in the countries of United States and United Kingdom led to amendments in both legislation as well as popular opinion. Jordan has attracted international attention in the recent years as far as violence against women is concerned. In Jordan for instance, honor killing is almost a normal thing. Honor killing refers to the killing of women by their partners (Peratis 15). Women risk their lives if they are alleged to engage in certain acts considered immoral in the community such as adultery. Culturally, women who engage in such shameful acts are humiliated and even killed ruthlessly in order to s erve as an example to other women who may engage in such acts (Peratis 15). There are several reported cases in Jordan of women who have been battered and in some instances killed by their own husbands. In a male dominated society such as Jordan, men are always left to go scot free if found engaging in similar acts (Peratis 15). The legal structures in Jordan do not expressly deal with the issues of violence against women. This has led to concerns over whether the authorities in the country support domestic violence. In Brazil, the situation is almost similar to the experiences of women in Jordan. For a very long time, women have received inconsiderable support from authorities in Brazil when they report cases of domestic violence (James 23). Lawyers always seem to argue their case up and keep men out of punishment for violence against women. The legal structures in the country have lots of grey areas that need to be cleared in order to ensure that women enjoy mutual respect and lov e in relationships. Cases of honor killing often drag for so many years therefore delaying justice (James 23). In a recent ground breaking and historical judgment, a Brazilian court ruled in favor of women in an honor killing case by stating that a man who kills his wife can never be acquitted (James 23). This judgment is expected to give Brazilian women a glimpse of hope in to the future. The concept of human rights emerged from the idea of the political theories prevalent in the western world about the rights of humans to freedom and autonomy (Lila 119). It can be stated that the emergence of the human rights aimed to protect the individual and the state. The human rights stay

Annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Annotated Bibliography Example This source is important to the topic in that it gives practical approaches based on mind exercises that work to bring about happiness, and supports that indeed the subconscious mind is the determinant of one’s quality of life. Flanagan expresses a notion that since the world is all material, and human beings are material as well, finding a meaning for living that is beyond material is necessary. He then brings in Buddhism and states that in it one can find peace of mind since it employs a balance between morals and the subconscious mind, and that it is through Buddhism that humans can find a path to flourishing. This source is relevant to the problematic in that it indirectly supports that the subconscious mind is indeed the control centre for any mystical experiences and meditation exercise; which is what Buddhists practice and preach. In Watson’s book, it is revealed that the once rivaling concepts between science and Buddhism concerning the wellbeing of human beings are now merging. Watson explains that while the scientific approach based its notions on theories, Buddhism believed in practice. Concisely, the two parties have contributed in the understanding of what it takes to achieve wellbeing; relating well with the environment, with others, with our emotions, and with our embodiments. Watson’s information explains that unlike the parities that put an abyss between the two contexts, what they have both concluded is that no one part is able on its own. Rather, it is an interconnection of various aspects that contribute to the powers of the subconscious mind. In this book, the authors address the powers of the subconscious mind mostly in mystical experiences by highlighting the mind’s understanding from a Buddhist’s perspective. The highlighting analyses the levels of the mind and also the mode of stretching its understanding beyond the [usual] discursive thought level. To further explain, the authors discuss the elements of

Examine some aspect of Plato's theory of the tripartite soul from Essay

Examine some aspect of Plato's theory of the tripartite soul from Plato's Republic - Essay Example The main objective of this study is to exhaustively tackle this paramount issue by proposing three views: first of all, Plato’s account of the soul would not have committed him to the view that within each part of the soul there are sub-divisions; secondly, the harmony and unity of the soul cannot be achieved by conversation and violence, but only through education. Lastly, by exploring Plato’s education program in The Republic, it is clearly evident that education is the fundamental means of bringing the three parts into harmony and thus makes them one rather than many (8). In the Republic, Plato strongly proposes that the human psyche is divided into three parts mainly appetite, spirit and reason. Through the use of the tripartite soul theory, Plato effectively gives an account on how man can be virtuous. A man who is virtuous is one whose three parts of his soul participate in their appropriate and efficient roles and they are in harmony with each other. It is clear that the paramount concept of order is not only fundamental to the just state but also to the just man. In Plato’s view, the just man cannot be acknowledged without referring to his harmonious and orderly soul. Therefore, the human virtue is dependent on how these psychological elements which are three can harmoniously interact with each other (17). The Tripartite Soul In order to elaborate that people perform each of the three functions with different parts of their soul, Socrates puts forward a principle that â€Å"one and the same thing cannot act or be affected in opposite ways at the same time in the same part of it and in relation to the same object†. This principle is referred to by scholars the Principle of Conflict or Principle of Opposites. In accordance to this principle, it is impossible for something to be at rest and in motion at the same time and in the same part of it. Plato deals with two probable objections to this principle to remove any ambiguities in using it. One is that it is wrong to say that a man, who is standing still and moving his hands, is at rest and in motion simultaneously. Rather, the statement should be that part of the man is standing still and another part of him is moving. The other one is that a spinning top whose circumference is in motion, but whose axis is at rest is moving in one respect but not in another. Plato at this juncture thinks that this noble principle is valid and thus goes on to use it in order to exhibit that there are three parts in the soul (22). Plato states that dissent and assent, aversion and impulse to something are opposite states or actions. Thus, thirst, hunger and appetite desires can be classified as impulses to drink and food. Consequently, man is sometimes unwilling to eat or drink yet he is hungry or thirsty. Thus, according to the Principle of Opposites, there is an element which is different from the one that drives people to crave for food or drink, preventing people from c raving it. The element preventing people from giving way to various unhealthy cravings is reason (39). Additionally to the function of prevention, characterization of reason by Plato is through numerous different ways. Reason is said to be the calculative or reflective element. It is also